guestfs-hacking - extending and contributing to libguestfs
This manual page is for hackers who want to extend libguestfs itself.
Libguestfs source is located in the github repository https://github.com/libguestfs/libguestfs
Large amounts of boilerplate code in libguestfs (RPC, bindings, documentation) are generated. This means that many source files will appear to be missing from a straightforward git checkout. You have to run the generator (./configure && make -C generator) in order to create those files.
Libguestfs uses an autotools-based build system, with the main files being configure.ac and Makefile.am. See "THE BUILD SYSTEM".
The generator subdirectory contains the generator, plus files describing the API. The lib subdirectory contains source for the library. The appliance and daemon subdirectories contain the source for the code that builds the appliance, and the code that runs in the appliance respectively. Other directories are covered in the section "SOURCE CODE SUBDIRECTORIES" below.
Apart from the fact that all API entry points go via some generated code, the library is straightforward. (In fact, even the generated code is designed to be readable, and should be read as ordinary code). Some actions run entirely in the library, and are written as C functions in files under lib. Others are forwarded to the daemon where (after some generated RPC marshalling) they appear as C functions in files under daemon.
To build from source, first read the guestfs-building(1).
There are a lot of subdirectories in the source tree! Which ones should you concentrate on first? lib and daemon which contain the source code of the core library. generator is the code generator described above, so that is important. The Makefile.am in the root directory will tell you in which order the subdirectories get built. And then if you are looking at a particular tool (eg. customize) or language binding (eg. python), go straight to that subdirectory, but remember that if you didn't run the generator yet, then you may find files which appear to be missing.
virt-alignment-scan(1) command and documentation.
The libguestfs appliance, build scripts and so on.
Bash tab-completion scripts.
Various build scripts used by autotools.
virt-builder(1) command and documentation.
The virt-cat(1), virt-filesystems(1), virt-log(1), virt-ls(1) and virt-tail(1) commands and documentation.
Various libraries of internal code can be found in the common subdirectory:
Common code for interactively and non-interactively editing files within a libguestfs filesystem.
The communication protocol used between the library and the daemon running inside the appliance has to encode errnos as strings, which is handled by this library.
Library code associated with virt-customize but also used in other tools.
Small, generated wrapper which allows libguestfs to be compiled with or without ocaml-gettext. This is generated by ./configure.
Lightweight OCaml bindings for Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE). Note this is not related in any way to Markus Mottl's ocaml-pcre library.
OCaml bindings for the progress bar functions (see common/progress).
A library of pure OCaml utility functions used in many places.
OCaml utility functions only used by the OCaml virt tools (like virt-sysprep, virt-customize etc.)
OCaml bindings for C functions in common/utils, and some POSIX bindings which are missing from the OCaml stdlib.
OCaml bindings for the visit functions (see common/visit).
OCaml bindings for the libxml2 library.
Common options parsing for guestfish, guestmount and some virt tools.
A framework used for processing multiple libvirt domains in parallel.
Common code for printing progress bars.
The XDR-based communication protocol used between the library and the daemon running inside the appliance is defined here.
Mini-library for writing qemu command lines and qemu config files.
Common code for printing and freeing libguestfs structs, used by the library and some tools.
Various utility functions used throughout the library and tools.
Recursively visit a guestfs filesystem hierarchy.
Utility functions for handling Windows drive letters.
Outside contributions, experimental parts.
virt-customize(1) command and documentation.
The daemon that runs inside the libguestfs appliance and carries out actions.
virt-df(1) command and documentation.
virt-dib(1) command and documentation.
virt-diff(1) command and documentation.
Miscellaneous manual pages.
virt-edit(1) command and documentation.
C API example code.
guestfish(1), the command-line shell, and various shell scripts built on top such as virt-copy-in(1), virt-copy-out(1), virt-tar-in(1), virt-tar-out(1).
virt-format(1) command and documentation.
guestmount(1), FUSE (userspace filesystem) built on top of libguestfs.
The crucially important generator, used to automatically generate large amounts of boilerplate C code for things like RPC and bindings.
virt-get-kernel(1) command and documentation.
virt-inspector(1), the virtual machine image inspector.
Source code to the C library.
Logo used on the website. The fish is called Arthur by the way.
M4 macros used by autoconf. See "THE BUILD SYSTEM".
virt-make-fs(1) command and documentation.
Translations of simple gettext strings.
The build infrastructure and PO files for translations of manpages and POD files. Eventually this will be combined with the po directory, but that is rather complicated.
virt-rescue(1) command and documentation.
virt-resize(1) command and documentation.
virt-sparsify(1) command and documentation.
virt-sysprep(1) command and documentation.
Tests.
Files and other test data used by the tests.
Test tool for end users to test if their qemu/kernel combination will work with libguestfs.
Used for temporary files when running the tests (instead of /tmp etc). The reason is so that you can run multiple parallel tests of libguestfs without having one set of tests overwriting the appliance created by another.
Command line tools written in Perl (virt-win-reg(1) and many others).
Miscellaneous utilities, such as boot-benchmark.
Up to libguestfs > 1.42 this contained the virt-v2v(1) tool, but this has now moved into a separate repository: https://github.com/libguestfs/virt-v2v
The http://libguestfs.org website files.
Language bindings.
Libguestfs uses the GNU autotools build system (autoconf, automake, libtool).
The ./configure script is generated from configure.ac and m4/guestfs-*.m4. Most of the configure script is split over many m4 macro files by topic, for example m4/guestfs-daemon.m4 deals with the dependencies of the daemon.
The job of the top level Makefile.am is mainly to list the subdirectories (SUBDIRS) in the order they should be compiled.
common-rules.mk is included in every Makefile.am (top level and subdirectories). subdir-rules.mk is included only in subdirectory Makefile.am files.
There are many make targets. Use this command to list them all:
make helpBecause large amounts of boilerplate code in libguestfs are generated, this makes it easy to extend the libguestfs API.
To add a new API action there are two changes:
You need to add a description of the call (name, parameters, return type, tests, documentation) to generator/actions_*.ml and possibly generator/proc_nr.ml.
There are two sorts of API action, depending on whether the call goes through to the daemon in the appliance, or is serviced entirely by the library (see "ARCHITECTURE" in guestfs-internals(1)). "guestfs_sync" in guestfs(3) is an example of the former, since the sync is done in the appliance. "guestfs_set_trace" in guestfs(3) is an example of the latter, since a trace flag is maintained in the handle and all tracing is done on the library side.
Most new actions are of the first type, and get added to the daemon_functions list. Each function has a unique procedure number used in the RPC protocol which is assigned to that action when we publish libguestfs and cannot be reused. Take the latest procedure number and increment it.
For library-only actions of the second type, add to the non_daemon_functions list. Since these functions are serviced by the library and do not travel over the RPC mechanism to the daemon, these functions do not need a procedure number, and so the procedure number is set to -1.
Implement the action (in C):
For daemon actions, implement the function do_<name> in the daemon/ directory.
For library actions, implement the function guestfs_impl_<name> in the lib/ directory.
In either case, use another function as an example of what to do.
As an alternative to step 2: Since libguestfs 1.38, daemon actions can be implemented in OCaml. You have to set the impl = OCaml ... flag in the generator. Take a look at daemon/file.ml for an example.
After making these changes, use make to compile.
Note that you don’t need to implement the RPC, language bindings, manual pages or anything else. It’s all automatically generated from the OCaml description.
You can supply zero or as many tests as you want per API call. The tests can either be added as part of the API description (generator/actions_*.ml), or in some rarer cases you may want to drop a script into tests/*/. Note that adding a script to tests/*/ is slower, so if possible use the first method.
The following describes the test environment used when you add an API test in actions_*.ml.
The test environment has 4 block devices:
General block device for testing.
/dev/sdb1 is an ext2 filesystem used for testing filesystem write operations.
Used in a few tests where two block devices are needed.
ISO with fixed content (see images/test.iso).
To be able to run the tests in a reasonable amount of time, the libguestfs appliance and block devices are reused between tests. So don't try testing "guestfs_kill_subprocess" in guestfs(3) :-x
Each test starts with an initial scenario, selected using one of the Init* expressions, described in generator/types.ml. These initialize the disks mentioned above in a particular way as documented in types.ml. You should not assume anything about the previous contents of other disks that are not initialized.
You can add a prerequisite clause to any individual test. This is a run-time check, which, if it fails, causes the test to be skipped. Useful if testing a command which might not work on all variations of libguestfs builds. A test that has prerequisite of Always means to run unconditionally.
In addition, packagers can skip individual tests by setting environment variables before running make check.
SKIP_TEST_<CMD>_<NUM>=1eg: SKIP_TEST_COMMAND_3=1 skips test #3 of "guestfs_command" in guestfs(3).
or:
SKIP_TEST_<CMD>=1eg: SKIP_TEST_ZEROFREE=1 skips all "guestfs_zerofree" in guestfs(3) tests.
Packagers can run only certain tests by setting for example:
TEST_ONLY="vfs_type zerofree"See tests/c-api/tests.c for more details of how these environment variables work.
Test new actions work before submitting them.
You can use guestfish to try out new commands.
Debugging the daemon is a problem because it runs inside a minimal environment. However you can fprintf messages in the daemon to stderr, and they will show up if you use guestfish -v.
All language bindings must be generated by the generator (see the generator subdirectory).
There is no documentation for this yet. We suggest you look at an existing binding, eg. generator/ocaml.ml or generator/perl.ml.
Language bindings should come with tests. Previously testing of language bindings was rather ad-hoc, but we have been trying to formalize the set of tests that every language binding should use.
Currently only the OCaml and Perl bindings actually implement the full set of tests, and the OCaml bindings are canonical, so you should emulate what the OCaml tests do.
This is the numbering scheme used by the tests:
- 000+ basic tests:
010 load the library
020 create
030 create-flags
040 create multiple handles
050 test setting and getting config properties
060 explicit close
065 implicit close (in GC'd languages)
070 optargs
080 version
090 retvalues
- 100 launch, create partitions and LVs and filesystems
- 400+ events:
410 close event
420 log messages
430 progress messages
- 800+ regression tests (specific to the language)
- 900+ any other custom tests for the languageTo save time when running the tests, only 100, 430, 800+, 900+ should launch the handle.
Our C source code generally adheres to some basic code-formatting conventions. The existing code base is not totally consistent on this front, but we do prefer that contributed code be formatted similarly. In short, use spaces-not-TABs for indentation, use 2 spaces for each indentation level, and other than that, follow the K&R style.
If you use Emacs, add the following to one of your start-up files (e.g., ~/.emacs), to help ensure that you get indentation right:
;;; In libguestfs, indent with spaces everywhere (not TABs).
;;; Exceptions: Makefile and ChangeLog modes.
(add-hook 'find-file-hook
'(lambda () (if (and buffer-file-name
(string-match "/libguestfs\\>"
(buffer-file-name))
(not (string-equal mode-name "Change Log"))
(not (string-equal mode-name "Makefile")))
(setq indent-tabs-mode nil))))
;;; When editing C sources in libguestfs, use this style.
(defun libguestfs-c-mode ()
"C mode with adjusted defaults for use with libguestfs."
(interactive)
(c-set-style "K&R")
(setq c-indent-level 2)
(setq c-basic-offset 2))
(add-hook 'c-mode-hook
'(lambda () (if (string-match "/libguestfs\\>"
(buffer-file-name))
(libguestfs-c-mode))))Turn warnings into errors when developing to make warnings hard to ignore:
./configure --enable-werrorUseful targets are:
make checkRuns the regular test suite.
This is implemented using the regular automake TESTS target. See the automake documentation for details.
make check-valgrindRuns a subset of the test suite under valgrind.
See "VALGRIND" below.
make check-valgrind-local-guestsRuns a subset of the test suite under valgrind using locally installed libvirt guests (read-only).
make check-directRuns all tests using default appliance back-end. This only has any effect if a non-default backend was selected using ./configure --with-default-backend=...
make check-valgrind-directRun a subset of the test suite under valgrind using the default appliance back-end.
make check-with-upstream-qemuRuns all tests using a local qemu binary. It looks for the qemu binary in QEMUDIR (defaults to $HOME/d/qemu), but you can set this to another directory on the command line, eg:
make check-with-upstream-qemu QEMUDIR=/usr/src/qemumake check-with-upstream-libvirtRuns all tests using a local libvirt. This only has any effect if the libvirt backend was selected using ./configure --with-default-backend=libvirt
It looks for libvirt in LIBVIRTDIR (defaults to $HOME/d/libvirt), but you can set this to another directory on the command line, eg:
make check-with-upstream-libvirt LIBVIRTDIR=/usr/src/libvirtmake check-slowRuns some slow/long-running tests which are not run by default.
To mark a test as slow/long-running:
Add it to the list of TESTS in the Makefile.am, just like a normal test.
Modify the test so it checks if the SLOW=1 environment variable is set, and if not set it skips (ie. returns with exit code 77). If using tests/functions.sh, you can call the function slow_test for this.
Add a variable SLOW_TESTS to the Makefile.am listing the slow tests.
Add a rule to the Makefile.am:
check-slow:
$(MAKE) check TESTS="$(SLOW_TESTS)" SLOW=1sudo make check-rootRuns some tests which require root privileges. These are supposed to be safe, but take care. You have to run this as root (eg. using sudo(8) explicitly).
To mark a test as requiring root:
Add it to the list of TESTS in the Makefile.am, just like a normal test.
Modify the test so it checks if euid == 0, and if not set it skips (ie. returns with exit code 77). If using tests/functions.sh, you can call the function root_test for this.
Add a variable ROOT_TESTS to the Makefile.am listing the root tests.
Add a rule to the Makefile.am:
check-root:
$(MAKE) check TESTS="$(ROOT_TESTS)"make check-allEquivalent to running all make check* rules except check-root.
make check-releaseRuns a subset of make check* rules that are required to pass before a tarball can be released. Currently this is:
check
check-valgrind
check-direct
check-valgrind-direct
check-slow
make installcheckRun make check on the installed copy of libguestfs.
The version of installed libguestfs being tested, and the version of the libguestfs source tree must be the same.
Do:
./configure
make clean ||:
make
make installcheckWhen you do make check-valgrind, it searches for any Makefile.am in the tree that has a check-valgrind: target and runs it.
Writing the Makefile.am and tests correctly to use valgrind and working with automake parallel tests is subtle.
If your tests are run via a shell script wrapper, then in the wrapper use:
$VG virt-fooand in the Makefile.am use:
check-valgrind:
make VG="@VG@" checkHowever, if your binaries run directly from the TESTS rule, you have to modify the Makefile.am like this:
LOG_COMPILER = $(VG)
check-valgrind:
make VG="@VG@" checkIn either case, check that the right program is being tested by examining the tmp/valgrind* log files carefully.
Submit patches to the mailing list: https://lists.libguestfs.org and CC to rjones@redhat.com.
You do not need to subscribe to the mailing list if you don’t want to. There may be a short delay while your message is moderated.
We support i18n (gettext anyhow) in the library.
However many messages come from the daemon, and we don’t translate those at the moment. One reason is that the appliance generally has all locale files removed from it, because they take up a lot of space. So we'd have to re-add some of those, as well as copying our PO files into the appliance.
Debugging messages are never translated, since they are intended for the programmers.
Mostly this section is "how we make automake & ocamlopt work together" since OCaml programs themselves are easy to compile.
Automake has no native support for OCaml programs, ocamlc nor ocamlopt. What we do instead is to treat OCaml programs as C programs which happen to contain these "other objects" ("DEPENDENCIES" in automake-speak) that happen to be the OCaml objects. This works because OCaml programs usually have C files for native bindings etc.
So a typical program is described as just its C sources:
virt_customize_SOURCES = ... crypt-c.c perl_edit-c.cFor programs that have no explicit C sources, we create an empty dummy.c file, and list that instead:
virt_resize_SOURCES = dummy.cThe OCaml objects which contain most of the code are listed as automake dependencies (other dependencies may also be listed):
virt_customize_DEPENDENCIES = ... customize_main.cmxThe only other special thing we need to do is to provide a custom link command. This is needed because automake won't assemble the ocamlopt command, the list of objects and the -cclib libraries in the correct order otherwise.
virt_customize_LINK = \
$(top_builddir)/ocaml-link.sh -cclib '-lutils' -- ...The actual rules, which you can examine in customize/Makefile.am, are a little bit more complicated than this because they have to handle:
Compiling for byte code or native code.
The pattern rules needed to compile the OCaml sources to objects.
These are now kept in subdir-rules.mk at the top level, which is included in every subdirectory Makefile.am.
Adding OCaml sources files to EXTRA_DIST.
Automake isn't aware of the complete list of sources for a binary, so it will not add them all automatically.
These make targets probably won’t work and aren't useful unless you are a libguestfs maintainer.
This commits everything in the working directory with the commit message Version $(VERSION).. You must update configure.ac, clean and rebuild first.
This tags the current HEAD commit with the tag v$(VERSION) and one of the messages:
Version $(VERSION) stable
Version $(VERSION) development(See "LIBGUESTFS VERSION NUMBERS" in guestfs(3) for the difference between a stable and development release.)
Check that all authors (found in git commit messages) are included in the generator/authors.ml file.
This rule must be run after make dist (so there is a tarball in the working directory). It compares the contents of the tarball with the contents of git to ensure that no files have been missed from Makefile.am EXTRA_DIST rules.
This is used by the software used to automate libguestfs releases to copy the libguestfs website to another git repository before it is uploaded to the web server.
When we make a stable release, there are several steps documented here. See "LIBGUESTFS VERSION NUMBERS" in guestfs(3) for general information about the stable branch policy.
Check make && make check works on at least:
Check ./configure --without-libvirt works.
Finalize guestfs-release-notes.pod
Create new stable and development directories under http://libguestfs.org/download.
Edit website/index.html.in.
Set the version (in configure.ac) to the new stable version, ie. 1.XX.0, and commit it:
./localconfigure
make distclean -k
./localconfigure
make && make dist
make maintainer-commit
make maintainer-tagCreate the stable branch in git:
git branch stable-1.XX
git push origin stable-1.XXDo a full release of the stable branch.
Set the version to the next development version and commit that. Optionally do a full release of the development branch.
This section documents internal functions inside libguestfs and various utilities. It is intended for libguestfs developers only.
This section is autogenerated from /** comments in source files, which are marked up in POD format.
These functions are not publicly exported, and may change or be removed at any time.
Helper functions for the actions code in lib/actions-*.c.
The appliance choice of CPU model.
lib/appliance-cpu.c:guestfs_int_get_cpu_model const char *
guestfs_int_get_cpu_model (int kvm)Return the right CPU model to use as the qemu -cpu parameter or its equivalent in libvirt. This returns:
"host"The literal string "host" means use -cpu host.
"max"The literal string "max" means use -cpu max (the best possible). This requires awkward translation for libvirt.
Some string such as "cortex-a57" means use -cpu cortex-a57.
NULLNULL means no -cpu option at all. Note returning NULL does not indicate an error.
This is made unnecessarily hard and fragile because of two stupid choices in QEMU:
The default for qemu-system-aarch64 -M virt is to emulate a cortex-a15 (WTF?).
We don't know for sure if KVM will work, but -cpu host is broken with TCG, so we almost always pass a broken -cpu flag if KVM is semi-broken in any way.
The appliance kernel command line.
lib/appliance-kcmdline.c:VALID_TERM #define VALID_TERMCheck that the $TERM environment variable is reasonable before we pass it through to the appliance.
lib/appliance-kcmdline.c:get_root_uuid_with_file static char *
get_root_uuid_with_file (guestfs_h *g, const char *appliance)Given a disk image containing an extX filesystem, return the UUID.
lib/appliance-kcmdline.c:run_qemu_img_dd static int
run_qemu_img_dd (guestfs_h *g, const char *in_file, char *out_file)Read the first 256k bytes of the in_file with qemu-img(1) command and write them into the out_file. That may be useful to get UUID of the QCOW2 disk image with get_root_uuid_with_file.
The function returns zero if successful, otherwise -1.
lib/appliance-kcmdline.c:get_root_uuid static char *
get_root_uuid (guestfs_h *g, const char *appliance)Get the UUID from the appliance disk image.
lib/appliance-kcmdline.c:guestfs_int_appliance_command_line char *
guestfs_int_appliance_command_line (guestfs_h *g,
const char *appliance,
int flags)Construct the Linux command line passed to the appliance. This is used by the direct and libvirt backends, and is simply located in this file because it's a convenient place for this common code.
The appliance parameter is the filename of the appliance (could be NULL) from which we obtain the root UUID.
The flags parameter can contain the following flags logically or'd together (or 0):
APPLIANCE_COMMAND_LINE_IS_TCGIf we are launching a qemu TCG guest (ie. KVM is known to be disabled or unavailable). If you don't know, don't pass this flag.
Note that this function returns a newly allocated buffer which must be freed by the caller.
Find the UEFI firmware needed to boot the appliance.
See also lib/uefi.c (autogenerated file) containing the firmware file locations.
lib/appliance-uefi.c:guestfs_int_get_uefi int
guestfs_int_get_uefi (guestfs_h *g, char *const *firmwares,
const char **firmware, char **code, char **vars,
int *flags)Return the location of firmware needed to boot the appliance. This is aarch64 only currently, since that's the only architecture where UEFI is mandatory (and that only for RHEL).
firmwares is an optional list of allowed values for the firmware autoselection of libvirt. It is NULL to indicate it is not supported. *firmware is set to one of the strings in firmwares in case one can be used.
*code is initialized with the path to the read-only UEFI code file. *vars is initialized with the path to a copy of the UEFI vars file (which is cleaned up automatically on exit).
In case a UEFI firmware is available, either *firmware is set to a non-NULL value, or *code and *vars are.
*code and *vars should be freed by the caller, and *firmware must not.
If the function returns -1 then there was a real error which should cause appliance building to fail (no UEFI firmware is not an error).
See also virt-v2v.git/v2v/utils.ml:find_uefi_firmware
This file deals with building the libguestfs appliance.
lib/appliance.c:guestfs_int_build_appliance int
guestfs_int_build_appliance (guestfs_h *g,
char **kernel_rtn,
char **initrd_rtn,
char **appliance_rtn)Locate or build the appliance.
This function locates or builds the appliance as necessary, handling the supermin appliance, caching of supermin-built appliances, or using either a fixed or old-style appliance.
The return value is 0 = good, -1 = error. Returned in appliance.kernel will be the name of the kernel to use, appliance.initrd the name of the initrd, appliance.image the name of the ext2 root filesystem. appliance.image can be NULL, meaning that we are using an old-style (non-ext2) appliance. All three strings must be freed by the caller. However the referenced files themselves must not be deleted.
The process is as follows:
Look in path which contains a supermin appliance skeleton. If no element has this, skip straight to step 3.
Call supermin --build to build the full appliance (if it needs to be rebuilt). If this is successful, return the full appliance.
Check path, looking for a fixed appliance. If one is found, return it.
Check path, looking for an old-style appliance. If one is found, return it.
The supermin appliance cache directory lives in $TMPDIR/.guestfs-$UID/ and consists of up to four files:
$TMPDIR/.guestfs-$UID/lock - the supermin lock file
$TMPDIR/.guestfs-$UID/appliance.d/kernel - the kernel
$TMPDIR/.guestfs-$UID/appliance.d/initrd - the supermin initrd
$TMPDIR/.guestfs-$UID/appliance.d/root - the applianceMultiple instances of libguestfs with the same UID may be racing to create an appliance. However (since supermin ≥ 5) supermin provides a --lock flag and atomic update of the appliance.d subdirectory.
lib/appliance.c:locate_or_build_appliance static int
locate_or_build_appliance (guestfs_h *g,
struct appliance_files *appliance,
const char *path)Check path, looking for one of appliances: supermin appliance, fixed appliance or old-style appliance. If one of the fixed appliances is found, return it. If the supermin appliance skeleton is found, build and return appliance.
Return values:
1 = appliance is found, returns C<appliance>,
0 = appliance not found,
-1 = error which aborts the launch process.lib/appliance.c:search_appliance static int
search_appliance (guestfs_h *g, struct appliance_files *appliance)Search elements of g->path, returning the first appliance element which matches the predicate function locate_or_build_appliance.
Return values:
1 = a path element matched, returns C<appliance>,
0 = no path element matched,
-1 = error which aborts the launch process.lib/appliance.c:build_supermin_appliance static int
build_supermin_appliance (guestfs_h *g,
const char *supermin_path,
struct appliance_files *appliance)Build supermin appliance from supermin_path to $TMPDIR/.guestfs-$UID.
Returns: 0 = built or -1 = error (aborts launch).
lib/appliance.c:run_supermin_build static int
run_supermin_build (guestfs_h *g,
const char *lockfile,
const char *appliancedir,
const char *supermin_path)Run supermin --build and tell it to generate the appliance.
lib/appliance.c:dir_contains_file static int
dir_contains_file (guestfs_h *g, const char *dir, const char *file)Returns true iff file is contained in dir.
lib/appliance.c:dir_contains_files static int
dir_contains_files (guestfs_h *g, const char *dir, ...)Returns true iff every listed file is contained in dir.
A wrapper for running external commands, loosely based on libvirt's virCommand interface.
In outline to use this interface you must:
Create a new command handle:
struct command *cmd;
cmd = guestfs_int_new_command (g);Either add arguments:
guestfs_int_cmd_add_arg (cmd, "qemu-img");
guestfs_int_cmd_add_arg (cmd, "info");
guestfs_int_cmd_add_arg (cmd, filename);(NB: You don't need to add a NULL argument at the end.)
Or construct a command using a mix of quoted and unquoted strings. (This is useful for system(3)/popen("r")-style shell commands, with the added safety of allowing args to be quoted properly).
guestfs_int_cmd_add_string_unquoted (cmd, "qemu-img info ");
guestfs_int_cmd_add_string_quoted (cmd, filename);Set various flags, such as whether you want to capture errors in the regular libguestfs error log.
Run the command. This is what does the fork(2) call, optionally loops over the output, and then does a waitpid(3) and returns the exit status of the command.
r = guestfs_int_cmd_run (cmd);
if (r == -1)
// error
// else test r using the WIF* functionsClose the handle:
guestfs_int_cmd_close (cmd);(or use CLEANUP_CMD_CLOSE).
lib/command.c:guestfs_int_new_command struct command *
guestfs_int_new_command (guestfs_h *g)Create a new command handle.
lib/command.c:guestfs_int_cmd_add_arg void
guestfs_int_cmd_add_arg (struct command *cmd, const char *arg)Add single arg (for execv-style command execution).
lib/command.c:guestfs_int_cmd_add_arg_format void
guestfs_int_cmd_add_arg_format (struct command *cmd, const char *fs, ...)Add single arg (for execv-style command execution) using a printf(3)-style format string.
lib/command.c:guestfs_int_cmd_add_string_unquoted void
guestfs_int_cmd_add_string_unquoted (struct command *cmd, const char *str)Add a string (for system(3)-style command execution).
This variant adds the strings without quoting them, which is dangerous if the string contains untrusted content.
lib/command.c:guestfs_int_cmd_add_string_quoted void
guestfs_int_cmd_add_string_quoted (struct command *cmd, const char *str)Add a string (for system(3)-style command execution).
The string is enclosed in double quotes, with any special characters within the string which need escaping done. This is used to add a single argument to a system(3)-style command string.
lib/command.c:guestfs_int_cmd_set_stdout_callback void
guestfs_int_cmd_set_stdout_callback (struct command *cmd,
cmd_stdout_callback stdout_callback,
void *stdout_data, unsigned flags)Set a callback which will capture stdout.
If flags contains CMD_STDOUT_FLAG_LINE_BUFFER (the default), then the callback is called line by line on the output. If there is a trailing \n then it is automatically removed before the callback is called. The line buffer is \0-terminated.
If flags contains CMD_STDOUT_FLAG_UNBUFFERED, then buffers are passed to the callback as it is received from the command. Note in this case the buffer is not \0-terminated, so you need to may attention to the length field in the callback.
If flags contains CMD_STDOUT_FLAG_WHOLE_BUFFER, then the callback is called exactly once, with the entire buffer. Note in this case the buffer is not \0-terminated, so you need to may attention to the length field in the callback.
lib/command.c:guestfs_int_cmd_set_stderr_to_stdout void
guestfs_int_cmd_set_stderr_to_stdout (struct command *cmd)Equivalent to adding 2>&1 to the end of the command. This is incompatible with the capture_errors flag, because it doesn't make sense to combine them.
lib/command.c:guestfs_int_cmd_clear_capture_errors void
guestfs_int_cmd_clear_capture_errors (struct command *cmd)Clear the capture_errors flag. This means that any errors will go to stderr, instead of being captured in the event log, and that is usually undesirable.
lib/command.c:guestfs_int_cmd_set_child_callback void
guestfs_int_cmd_set_child_callback (struct command *cmd,
cmd_child_callback child_callback,
void *data)Set a function to be executed in the child, right before the execution. Can be used to setup the child, for example changing its current directory.
lib/command.c:guestfs_int_cmd_set_child_rlimit void
guestfs_int_cmd_set_child_rlimit (struct command *cmd, int resource, long limit)Set up child rlimits, in case the process we are running could consume lots of space or time.
lib/command.c:finish_command static void
finish_command (struct command *cmd)Finish off the command by either NULL-terminating the argv array or adding a terminating \0 to the string, or die with an internal error if no command has been added.
lib/command.c:loop static int
loop (struct command *cmd)The loop which reads errors and output and directs it either to the log or to the stdout callback as appropriate.
lib/command.c:guestfs_int_cmd_run int
guestfs_int_cmd_run (struct command *cmd)Fork, run the command, loop over the output, and waitpid.
Returns the exit status. Test it using WIF* macros.
On error: Calls error and returns -1.
lib/command.c:guestfs_int_cmd_pipe_run int
guestfs_int_cmd_pipe_run (struct command *cmd, const char *mode)Fork and run the command, but don't wait. Roughly equivalent to popen (..., "r"|"w").
Returns the file descriptor of the pipe, connected to stdout ("r") or stdin ("w") of the child process.
After reading/writing to this pipe, call guestfs_int_cmd_pipe_wait to wait for the status of the child.
Errors from the subcommand cannot be captured to the error log using this interface. Instead the caller should call guestfs_int_cmd_get_pipe_errors (after guestfs_int_cmd_pipe_wait returns an error).
lib/command.c:guestfs_int_cmd_pipe_wait int
guestfs_int_cmd_pipe_wait (struct command *cmd)Wait for a subprocess created by guestfs_int_cmd_pipe_run to finish. On error (eg. failed syscall) this returns -1 and sets the error. If the subcommand fails, then use WIF* macros to check this, and call guestfs_int_cmd_get_pipe_errors to read the error messages printed by the child.
lib/command.c:guestfs_int_cmd_get_pipe_errors char *
guestfs_int_cmd_get_pipe_errors (struct command *cmd)Read the error messages printed by the child. The caller must free the returned buffer after use.
lib/command.c:guestfs_int_cmd_close void
guestfs_int_cmd_close (struct command *cmd)Close the cmd object and free all resources.
lib/command.c:process_line_buffer static void
process_line_buffer (struct command *cmd, int closed)Deal with buffering stdout for the callback.
This file handles connections to the child process where this is done over regular POSIX sockets.
lib/conn-socket.c:handle_log_message static int
handle_log_message (guestfs_h *g,
struct connection_socket *conn)This is called if conn->console_sock becomes ready to read while we are doing one of the connection operations above. It reads and deals with the log message.
Returns:
1log message(s) were handled successfully
0connection to appliance closed
-1error
lib/conn-socket.c:guestfs_int_new_conn_socket_listening struct connection *
guestfs_int_new_conn_socket_listening (guestfs_h *g,
int daemon_accept_sock,
int console_sock)Create a new socket connection, listening.
Note that it's OK for console_sock to be passed as -1, meaning there's no console available for this appliance.
After calling this, daemon_accept_sock is owned by the connection, and will be closed properly either in accept_connection or free_connection.
lib/conn-socket.c:guestfs_int_new_conn_socket_connected struct connection *
guestfs_int_new_conn_socket_connected (guestfs_h *g,
int daemon_sock,
int console_sock)Create a new socket connection, connected.
As above, but the caller passes us a connected daemon_sock and promises not to call accept_connection.
APIs for creating empty disks.
Mostly this consists of wrappers around the qemu-img(1) program.
lib/create.c:VALID_FORMAT #define VALID_FORMATCheck for valid backing format. Allow any ^[[:alnum]]+$ (in C locale), but limit the length to something reasonable.
Drives added are stored in an array in the handle. Code here manages that array and the individual struct drive data.
lib/drives.c:create_overlay static int
create_overlay (guestfs_h *g, struct drive *drv)For readonly drives, create an overlay to protect the original drive content. Note we never need to clean up these overlays since they are created in the temporary directory and deleted when the handle is closed.
lib/drives.c:create_drive_file static struct drive *
create_drive_file (guestfs_h *g,
const struct drive_create_data *data)Create and free the struct drive.
lib/drives.c:create_drive_dev_null static struct drive *
create_drive_dev_null (guestfs_h *g,
struct drive_create_data *data)Create the special /dev/null drive.
Traditionally you have been able to use /dev/null as a filename, as many times as you like. Ancient KVM (RHEL 5) cannot handle adding /dev/null readonly. qemu 1.2 + virtio-scsi segfaults when you use any zero-sized file including /dev/null.
Because of these problems, we replace /dev/null with a non-zero sized temporary file. This shouldn't make any difference since users are not supposed to try and access a null drive.
lib/drives.c:drive_to_string static char *
drive_to_string (guestfs_h *g, const struct drive *drv)Convert a struct drive to a string for debugging. The caller must free this string.
lib/drives.c:add_drive_to_handle_at static void
add_drive_to_handle_at (guestfs_h *g, struct drive *d, size_t drv_index)Add struct drive to the g->drives vector at the given index drv_index. If the array isn't large enough it is reallocated. The index must not contain a drive already.
lib/drives.c:add_drive_to_handle static void
add_drive_to_handle (guestfs_h *g, struct drive *d)Add struct drive to the end of the g->drives vector in the handle.
lib/drives.c:guestfs_int_add_dummy_appliance_drive void
guestfs_int_add_dummy_appliance_drive (guestfs_h *g)Called during launch to add a dummy slot to g->drives.
lib/drives.c:guestfs_int_free_drives void
guestfs_int_free_drives (guestfs_h *g)Free up all the drives in the handle.
lib/drives.c:VALID_FORMAT #define VALID_FORMATCheck string parameter matches regular expression ^[-_[:alnum:]]+$ (in C locale).
lib/drives.c:VALID_DISK_LABEL #define VALID_DISK_LABELCheck the disk label is reasonable. It can't contain certain characters, eg. '/', ','. However be stricter here and ensure it's just alphabetic and ≤ 20 characters in length.
lib/drives.c:VALID_HOSTNAME #define VALID_HOSTNAMECheck the server hostname is reasonable.
lib/drives.c:valid_port static int
valid_port (int port)Check the port number is reasonable.
lib/drives.c:valid_blocksize static int
valid_blocksize (int blocksize)Check the block size is reasonable. It can't be other then 512 or 4096.
lib/drives.c:guestfs_int_checkpoint_drives size_t
guestfs_int_checkpoint_drives (guestfs_h *g)Checkpoint and roll back drives, so that groups of drives can be added atomically. Only used by "guestfs_add_domain" in guestfs(3).
lib/drives.c:guestfs_impl_debug_drives char **
guestfs_impl_debug_drives (guestfs_h *g)Internal function to return the list of drives.
This file handles errors, and also debug, trace and warning messages.
Errors in libguestfs API calls are handled by setting an error message and optional errno in the handle. The caller has the choice of testing API calls to find out if they failed and then querying the last error from the handle, and/or getting a callback.
From the point of view of the library source, generally you should use the error or perrorf macros along error paths, eg:
if (something_bad) {
error (g, "something bad happened");
return -1;
}Make sure to call the error or perrorf macro exactly once along each error path, since the handle can only store a single error and the previous error will be overwritten.
lib/errors.c:guestfs_int_warning void
guestfs_int_warning (guestfs_h *g, const char *fs, ...)Print a warning.
Code should not call this function directly. Use the warning (g, fs, ...) macro.
Warnings are printed unconditionally. We try to make these rare: Generally speaking, a warning should either be an error, or if it's not important for end users then it should be a debug message.
lib/errors.c:guestfs_int_debug void
guestfs_int_debug (guestfs_h *g, const char *fs, ...)Print a debug message.
Code should not call this function directly. To add debug messages in the library, use the debug (g, fs, ...) macro. The macro checks if g->verbose is false and avoids the function call, meaning the macro is more efficient.
lib/errors.c:guestfs_int_trace void
guestfs_int_trace (guestfs_h *g, const char *fs, ...)Print a trace message.
Do not call this function. All calls are generated automatically.
lib/errors.c:guestfs_int_error_errno void
guestfs_int_error_errno (guestfs_h *g, int errnum, const char *fs, ...)Set the last error and errno in the handle, and optionally raise the error callback if one is defined.
If you don't need to set errno, use the error (g, fs, ...) macro instead of calling this directly. If you need to set errno then there is no macro wrapper, so calling this function directly is fine.
lib/errors.c:guestfs_int_perrorf void
guestfs_int_perrorf (guestfs_h *g, const char *fs, ...)Similar to perror(3), but it sets the last error in the handle, raises the error callback if one is defined, and supports format strings.
You should probably use the perrorf (g, fs, ...) macro instead of calling this directly.
lib/errors.c:guestfs_int_launch_failed_error void
guestfs_int_launch_failed_error (guestfs_h *g)Raise a launch failed error in a standard format.
Since this is the most common error seen by people who have installation problems, buggy qemu, etc, and since no one reads the FAQ, describe in this error message what resources are available to debug launch problems.
lib/errors.c:guestfs_int_unexpected_close_error void
guestfs_int_unexpected_close_error (guestfs_h *g)Raise an error if the appliance unexpectedly crashes after launch.
lib/errors.c:guestfs_int_launch_timeout void
guestfs_int_launch_timeout (guestfs_h *g)Raise an error if the appliance hangs during launch.
lib/errors.c:guestfs_int_external_command_failed void
guestfs_int_external_command_failed (guestfs_h *g, int status,
const char *cmd_name, const char *extra)Raise an error if an external command fails.
status is the status code of the command (eg. returned from waitpid(2) or system(3)). This function turns the status code into an explanatory string.
lib/events.c:replace_old_style_event_callback static void
replace_old_style_event_callback (guestfs_h *g,
guestfs_event_callback cb,
uint64_t event_bitmask,
void *opaque,
void *opaque2)Emulate old-style callback API.
There were no event handles, so multiple callbacks per event were not supported. Calling the same guestfs_set_*_callback function would replace the existing event. Calling it with cb == NULL meant that the caller wanted to remove the callback.
This header contains definitions which are shared by all parts of libguestfs, ie. the daemon, the library, language bindings and virt tools (ie. all C code).
If you need a definition used by only the library, put it in lib/guestfs-internal.h instead.
If a definition is used by only a single tool, it should not be in any shared header file at all.
This header file is included in the libguestfs library (lib/) only.
See also lib/guestfs-internal-all.h.
lib/guestfs-internal.h:event struct event {
uint64_t event_bitmask;
guestfs_event_callback cb;
void *opaque;
/* opaque2 is not exposed through the API, but is used internally to
* emulate the old-style callback API.
*/
void *opaque2;
};This struct is used to maintain a list of events registered against the handle. See g->events in the handle.
lib/guestfs-internal.h:drive struct drive {
/* Original source of the drive, eg. file:..., http:... */
struct drive_source src;
/* If the drive is readonly, then an overlay [a local file] is
* created before launch to protect the original drive content, and
* the filename is stored here. Backends should open this file if
* it is non-NULL, else consult the original source above.
*
* Note that the overlay is in a backend-specific format, probably
* different from the source format. eg. qcow2
*/
char *overlay;
/* Various per-drive flags. */
bool readonly;
char *name;
char *disk_label;
char *cachemode;
enum discard discard;
bool copyonread;
int blocksize;
};There is one struct drive per drive.
lib/guestfs-internal.h:backend_ops struct backend_ops {
/* Size (in bytes) of the per-handle data structure needed by this
* backend. The data pointer is allocated and freed by libguestfs
* and passed to the functions in the 'void *data' parameter.
* Inside the data structure is opaque to libguestfs. Any strings
* etc pointed to by it must be freed by the backend during
* shutdown.
*/
size_t data_size;
/* Create a COW overlay on top of a drive. This must be a local
* file, created in the temporary directory. This is called when
* the drive is added to the handle.
*/
char *(*create_cow_overlay) (guestfs_h *g, void *data, struct drive *drv);
/* Launch and shut down. */
int (*launch) (guestfs_h *g, void *data, const char *arg);
int (*shutdown) (guestfs_h *g, void *data, int check_for_errors);
/* Miscellaneous. */
int (*get_pid) (guestfs_h *g, void *data);
int (*max_disks) (guestfs_h *g, void *data);
};Backend operations.
Each backend (eg. libvirt, direct) defines some functions which get run at various places in the handle lifecycle (eg. at launch, shutdown). The backend defines this struct pointing to those functions.
lib/guestfs-internal.h:connection struct connection {
const struct connection_ops *ops;
/* In the real struct, private data used by each connection module
* follows here.
*/
};Connection module.
A connection represents the appliance console connection plus the daemon connection. It hides the underlying representation (POSIX sockets, virStreamPtr).
lib/guestfs-internal.h:cached_feature struct cached_feature {
char *group;
int result;
};Cache of queried features.
Used to cache the appliance features (see lib/available.c).
lib/guestfs-internal.h:guestfs_h struct guestfs_h {
struct guestfs_h *next; /* Linked list of open handles. */
enum state state; /* See the state machine diagram in guestfs(3)*/
/* Lock acquired when entering any public guestfs_* function to
* protect the handle.
*/
pthread_mutex_t lock;
/**** Configuration of the handle. ****/
bool verbose; /* Debugging. */
bool trace; /* Trace calls. */
bool autosync; /* Autosync. */
bool direct_mode; /* Direct mode. */
bool recovery_proc; /* Create a recovery process. */
bool enable_network; /* Enable the network. */
bool selinux; /* selinux enabled? */
bool pgroup; /* Create process group for children? */
bool close_on_exit; /* Is this handle on the atexit list? */
int smp; /* If > 1, -smp flag passed to hv. */
int memsize; /* Size of RAM (megabytes). */
char *path; /* Path to the appliance. */
char *hv; /* Hypervisor (HV) binary. */
char *append; /* Append to kernel command line. */
struct hv_param *hv_params; /* Extra hv parameters. */
char *program; /* Program name. */
char *identifier; /* Handle identifier. */
/* Array of drives added by add-drive* APIs.
*
* Before launch this list can be empty or contain some drives.
*
* During launch, a dummy slot may be added which represents the
* slot taken up by the appliance drive.
*
* During shutdown, this list is deleted, so that each launch gets a
* fresh set of drives (however callers: don't do this, create a new
* handle each time).
*
* Always use ITER_DRIVES macro to iterate over this list!
*/
struct drive **drives;
size_t nr_drives;
#define ITER_DRIVES(g,i,drv) \
for (i = 0; i < (g)->nr_drives; ++i) \
if (((drv) = (g)->drives[i]) != NULL)
/* Backend. NB: Use guestfs_int_set_backend to change the backend. */
char *backend; /* The full string, always non-NULL. */
char *backend_arg; /* Pointer to the argument part. */
const struct backend_ops *backend_ops;
void *backend_data; /* Per-handle data. */
char **backend_settings; /* Backend settings (can be NULL). */
/**** Runtime information. ****/
/* Temporary and cache directories. */
/* The actual temporary directory - this is not created with the
* handle, you have to call guestfs_int_lazy_make_tmpdir.
*/
char *tmpdir;
char *sockdir;
/* Environment variables that affect tmpdir/cachedir/sockdir locations. */
char *env_tmpdir; /* $TMPDIR (NULL if not set) */
char *env_runtimedir; /* $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR (NULL if not set)*/
char *int_tmpdir; /* $LIBGUESTFS_TMPDIR or guestfs_set_tmpdir or NULL */
char *int_cachedir; /* $LIBGUESTFS_CACHEDIR or guestfs_set_cachedir or NULL */
/* Error handler, plus stack of old error handlers. */
pthread_key_t error_data;
/* Linked list of error_data structures allocated for this handle,
* plus a mutex to protect the linked list.
*/
pthread_mutex_t error_data_list_lock;
struct error_data *error_data_list;
/* Out of memory error handler. */
guestfs_abort_cb abort_cb;
/* Events. */
struct event *events;
size_t nr_events;
/* Private data area. */
struct hash_table *pda;
struct pda_entry *pda_next;
/* User cancelled transfer. Not signal-atomic, but it doesn't
* matter for this case because we only care if it is != 0.
*/
int user_cancel;
struct timeval launch_t; /* The time that we called guestfs_launch. */
/* Used by bindtests. */
FILE *test_fp;
/* Used to generate unique numbers, eg for temp files. To use this,
* '++g->unique'. Note these are only unique per-handle, not
* globally unique.
*/
int unique;
/*** Protocol. ***/
struct connection *conn; /* Connection to appliance. */
int msg_next_serial;
#if HAVE_FUSE
/**** Used by the mount-local APIs. ****/
char *localmountpoint;
struct fuse *fuse; /* FUSE handle. */
int ml_dir_cache_timeout; /* Directory cache timeout. */
Hash_table *lsc_ht, *xac_ht, *rlc_ht; /* Directory cache. */
int ml_read_only; /* If mounted read-only. */
int ml_debug_calls; /* Extra debug info on each FUSE call. */
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_LIBVIRT
/* Used by lib/libvirt-auth.c. */
#define NR_CREDENTIAL_TYPES 9
unsigned int nr_supported_credentials;
int supported_credentials[NR_CREDENTIAL_TYPES];
const char *saved_libvirt_uri; /* Doesn't need to be freed. */
bool wrapper_warning_done;
unsigned int nr_requested_credentials;
virConnectCredentialPtr requested_credentials;
#endif
/* Cached features. */
struct cached_feature *features;
size_t nr_features;
/* Used by lib/info.c. -1 = not tested or error; else 0 or 1. */
int qemu_img_supports_U_option;
};The libguestfs handle.
lib/guestfs-internal.h:version struct version {
int v_major;
int v_minor;
int v_micro;
};Used for storing major.minor.micro version numbers. See lib/version.c for more information.
lib/guid.c:guestfs_int_validate_guid int
guestfs_int_validate_guid (const char *str)Check whether a string supposed to contain a GUID actually contains it. It can recognize strings either as {21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D} or 21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D.
This file deals with the guestfs_h handle, creating it, closing it, and initializing/setting/getting fields.
lib/handle.c:init_libguestfs static void
init_libguestfs (void)No initialization is required by libguestfs, but libvirt and libxml2 require initialization if they might be called from multiple threads. Hence this constructor function which is called when libguestfs is first loaded.
lib/handle.c:shutdown_backend static int
shutdown_backend (guestfs_h *g, int check_for_errors)This function is the common path for shutting down the backend qemu process.
guestfs_shutdown calls shutdown_backend with check_for_errors=1. guestfs_close calls shutdown_backend with check_for_errors=0.
check_for_errors is a hint to the backend about whether we care about errors or not. In the libvirt case it can be used to optimize the shutdown for speed when we don't care.
lib/handle.c:close_handles static void
close_handles (void)Close all open handles (called from atexit(3)).
lib/handle.c:guestfs_int_get_backend_setting_bool int
guestfs_int_get_backend_setting_bool (guestfs_h *g, const char *name)This is a convenience function, but we might consider exporting it as an API in future.
lib/info.c:qemu_img_supports_U_option static int
qemu_img_supports_U_option (guestfs_h *g)Test if the qemu-img info command supports the -U option to disable locking. The result is memoized in the handle.
Note this option was added in qemu 2.11. We can remove this test when we can assume everyone is using qemu >= 2.11.
lib/inspect-icon.c:guestfs_int_download_to_tmp char *
guestfs_int_download_to_tmp (guestfs_h *g, const char *filename,
const char *extension,
uint64_t max_size)Download a guest file to a local temporary file.
The name of the temporary (downloaded) file is returned. The caller must free the pointer, but does not need to delete the temporary file. It will be deleted when the handle is closed.
The name of the temporary file is randomly generated, but an extension can be specified using extension (or pass NULL for none).
Refuse to download the guest file if it is larger than max_size. On this and other errors, NULL is returned.
Implementation of the direct backend.
For more details see "BACKENDS" in guestfs(3).
lib/launch-direct.c:add_drive_standard_params static int
add_drive_standard_params (guestfs_h *g, struct backend_direct_data *data,
struct qemuopts *qopts,
size_t i, struct drive *drv)Add the standard elements of the -drive parameter.
lib/launch-direct.c:add_device_blocksize_params static int
add_device_blocksize_params (guestfs_h *g, struct qemuopts *qopts,
struct drive *drv)Add the physical_block_size and logical_block_size elements of the -device parameter.
lib/launch-direct.c:launch_passt static int
launch_passt (guestfs_h *g, long *passt_pid, char (*sockpath)[UNIX_PATH_MAX])Launch passt such that it daemonizes.
On error, -1 is returned; passt_pid and sockpath are not modified.
On success, 0 is returned. passt_pid contains the PID of the passt background process. sockpath contains the pathname of the unix domain socket where passt will accept a single connection.
lib/launch-libvirt.c:get_source_format_or_autodetect static char *
get_source_format_or_autodetect (guestfs_h *g, struct drive *drv)Return drv->src.format, but if it is NULL, autodetect the format.
libvirt has disabled the feature of detecting the disk format, unless the administrator sets allow_disk_format_probing=1 in /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf. There is no way to detect if this option is set, so we have to do format detection here using qemu-img and pass that to libvirt.
This can still be a security issue, so in most cases it is recommended the users pass the format to libguestfs which will faithfully pass that straight through to libvirt without doing autodetection.
Caller must free the returned string. On error this function sets the error in the handle and returns NULL.
lib/launch-libvirt.c:make_qcow2_overlay static char *
make_qcow2_overlay (guestfs_h *g, const char *backing_drive,
const char *format)Create a qcow2 format overlay, with the given backing_drive (file). The format parameter is the backing file format. The format parameter can be NULL, in this case the backing format will be determined automatically. This is used to create the appliance overlay, and also for read-only drives.
This file implements "guestfs_launch" in guestfs(3).
Most of the work is done by the backends (see "BACKEND" in guestfs(3)), which are implemented in lib/launch-direct.c, lib/launch-libvirt.c etc, so this file mostly passes calls through to the current backend.
lib/launch.c:guestfs_int_launch_send_progress void
guestfs_int_launch_send_progress (guestfs_h *g, int perdozen)This function sends a launch progress message.
Launching the appliance generates approximate progress messages. Currently these are defined as follows:
0 / 12: launch clock starts
3 / 12: appliance created
6 / 12: detected that guest kernel started
9 / 12: detected that /init script is running
12 / 12: launch completed successfullyNotes:
This is not a documented ABI and the behaviour may be changed or removed in future.
Messages are only sent if more than 5 seconds has elapsed since the launch clock started.
There is a hack in lib/proto.c to make this work.
lib/launch.c:guestfs_int_timeval_diff int64_t
guestfs_int_timeval_diff (const struct timeval *x, const struct timeval *y)Compute y - x and return the result in milliseconds.
Approximately the same as this code: http://www.mpp.mpg.de/~huber/util/timevaldiff.c
lib/launch.c:guestfs_int_unblock_sigterm void
guestfs_int_unblock_sigterm (void)Unblock the SIGTERM signal. Call this after fork(2) so that the parent process can send SIGTERM to the child process in case SIGTERM is blocked. See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/1460338.
lib/launch.c:guestfs_impl_max_disks int
guestfs_impl_max_disks (guestfs_h *g)Returns the maximum number of disks allowed to be added to the backend (backend dependent).
lib/launch.c:guestfs_impl_wait_ready int
guestfs_impl_wait_ready (guestfs_h *g)Implementation of "guestfs_wait_ready" in guestfs(3). You had to call this function after launch in versions ≤ 1.0.70, but it is now an (almost) no-op.
lib/launch.c:guestfs_int_register_backend void
guestfs_int_register_backend (const char *name, const struct backend_ops *ops)When the library is loaded, each backend calls this function to register itself in a global list.
lib/launch.c:guestfs_int_set_backend int
guestfs_int_set_backend (guestfs_h *g, const char *method)Implementation of "guestfs_set_backend" in guestfs(3).
Callers must ensure this is only called in the config state.
This shouldn't call error since it may be called early in handle initialization. It can return an error code however.
lib/launch.c:guestfs_int_passt_runnable bool
guestfs_int_passt_runnable (guestfs_h *g)Return true if we can call passt --help, and it exits with status 0 or 1.
(At least passt-0^20230222.g4ddbcb9-2.el9_2.x86_64 terminates with status 1 in response to "--help", which is arguably wrong, and potentially subject to change, but it doesn't really matter.)
Implement a private data area where libguestfs C API users can attach arbitrary pieces of data to a guestfs_h handle.
For more information see "PRIVATE DATA AREA" in guestfs(3).
Language bindings do not generally expose this, largely because in non-C languages it is easy to associate data with handles in other ways (using hash tables or maps).
lib/private-data.c:pda_entry struct pda_entry {
char *key; /* key */
void *data; /* opaque user data pointer */
};The private data area is internally stored as a gnulib hash table containing pda_entry structures.
Note the private data area is allocated lazily, since the vast majority of callers will never use it. This means g->pda is likely to be NULL.
This is the code used to send and receive RPC messages and (for certain types of message) to perform file transfers. This code is driven from the generated actions (lib/actions-*.c). There are five different cases to consider:
A non-daemon function (eg. "guestfs_set_verbose" in guestfs(3)). There is no RPC involved at all, it's all handled inside the library.
A simple RPC (eg. "guestfs_mount" in guestfs(3)). We write the request, then read the reply. The sequence of calls is:
guestfs_int_send
guestfs_int_recvAn RPC with FileIn parameters (eg. "guestfs_upload" in guestfs(3)). We write the request, then write the file(s), then read the reply. The sequence of calls is:
guestfs_int_send
guestfs_int_send_file (possibly multiple times)
guestfs_int_recvAn RPC with FileOut parameters (eg. "guestfs_download" in guestfs(3)). We write the request, then read the reply, then read the file(s). The sequence of calls is:
guestfs_int_send
guestfs_int_recv
guestfs_int_recv_file (possibly multiple times)Both FileIn and FileOut parameters. There are no calls like this in the current API, but they would be implemented as a combination of cases 3 and 4.
All read/write/etc operations are performed using the current connection module (g->conn). During operations the connection module transparently handles log messages that appear on the console.
lib/proto.c:child_cleanup static void
child_cleanup (guestfs_h *g)This is called if we detect EOF, ie. qemu died.
lib/proto.c:guestfs_int_progress_message_callback void
guestfs_int_progress_message_callback (guestfs_h *g,
const guestfs_progress *message)Convenient wrapper to generate a progress message callback.
lib/proto.c:guestfs_int_log_message_callback void
guestfs_int_log_message_callback (guestfs_h *g, const char *buf, size_t len)Connection modules call us back here when they get a log message.
lib/proto.c:check_daemon_socket static ssize_t
check_daemon_socket (guestfs_h *g)Before writing to the daemon socket, check the read side of the daemon socket for any of these conditions:
return -1
return -2
handle it here
return 0
return 1
lib/proto.c:guestfs_int_send_file int
guestfs_int_send_file (guestfs_h *g, const char *filename)Send a file.
Returns 0 on success, -1 for error, -2 if the daemon cancelled (we must read the error message).
lib/proto.c:send_file_data static int
send_file_data (guestfs_h *g, const char *buf, size_t len)Send a chunk of file data.
lib/proto.c:send_file_cancellation static int
send_file_cancellation (guestfs_h *g)Send a cancellation message.
lib/proto.c:send_file_complete static int
send_file_complete (guestfs_h *g)Send a file complete chunk.
lib/proto.c:recv_from_daemon static int
recv_from_daemon (guestfs_h *g, uint32_t *size_rtn, void **buf_rtn)This function reads a single message, file chunk, launch flag or cancellation flag from the daemon. If something was read, it returns 0, otherwise -1.
Both size_rtn and buf_rtn must be passed by the caller as non-NULL.
*size_rtn returns the size of the returned message or it may be GUESTFS_LAUNCH_FLAG or GUESTFS_CANCEL_FLAG.
*buf_rtn is returned containing the message (if any) or will be set to NULL. *buf_rtn must be freed by the caller.
This checks for EOF (appliance died) and passes that up through the child_cleanup function above.
Log message, progress messages are handled transparently here.
lib/proto.c:guestfs_int_recv int
guestfs_int_recv (guestfs_h *g, const char *fn,
guestfs_message_header *hdr,
guestfs_message_error *err,
xdrproc_t xdrp, char *ret)Receive a reply.
lib/proto.c:guestfs_int_recv_discard int
guestfs_int_recv_discard (guestfs_h *g, const char *fn)Same as guestfs_int_recv, but it discards the reply message.
Notes (XXX):
This returns an int, but all current callers ignore it.
The error string may end up being set twice on error paths.
lib/proto.c:guestfs_int_recv_file int
guestfs_int_recv_file (guestfs_h *g, const char *filename)Returns -1 = error, 0 = EOF, >0 = more data
lib/proto.c:receive_file_data static ssize_t
receive_file_data (guestfs_h *g, void **buf_r)Receive a chunk of file data.
Returns -1 = error, 0 = EOF, >0 = more data
Functions to handle qemu versions and features.
lib/qemu.c:guestfs_int_test_qemu struct qemu_data *
guestfs_int_test_qemu (guestfs_h *g)Test that the qemu binary (or wrapper) runs, and do qemu -help and other commands so we can find out the version of qemu and what options this qemu supports.
This caches the results in the cachedir so that as long as the qemu binary does not change, calling this is effectively free.
lib/qemu.c:cache_filename static char *
cache_filename (guestfs_h *g, const char *cachedir,
const struct stat *statbuf, const char *suffix)Generate the filenames, for the stat file and the other cache files.
By including the size and mtime in the filename we also ensure that the same user can use multiple versions of qemu without conflicts.
lib/qemu.c:parse_qemu_version static void
parse_qemu_version (guestfs_h *g, const char *qemu_help,
struct version *qemu_version)Parse the first line of qemu_help into the major and minor version of qemu, but don't fail if parsing is not possible.
lib/qemu.c:parse_json static void
parse_json (guestfs_h *g, const char *json, json_object **treep)Parse the json output from QMP. But don't fail if parsing is not possible.
lib/qemu.c:parse_has_kvm static void
parse_has_kvm (guestfs_h *g, const char *json, bool *ret)Parse the json output from QMP query-kvm to find out if KVM is enabled on this machine. Don't fail if parsing is not possible, assume KVM is available.
The JSON output looks like: {"return": {"enabled": true, "present": true}}
lib/qemu.c:generic_read_cache static int
generic_read_cache (guestfs_h *g, const char *filename, char **strp)Generic functions for reading and writing the cache files, used where we are just reading and writing plain text strings.
lib/qemu.c:generic_qmp_test static int
generic_qmp_test (guestfs_h *g, struct qemu_data *data,
const char *qmp_command,
char **outp)Run a generic QMP test on the QEMU binary.
lib/qemu.c:guestfs_int_qemu_version struct version
guestfs_int_qemu_version (guestfs_h *g, struct qemu_data *data)Return the parsed version of qemu.
lib/qemu.c:guestfs_int_qemu_supports int
guestfs_int_qemu_supports (guestfs_h *g, const struct qemu_data *data,
const char *option)Test if option is supported by qemu command line (just by grepping the help text).
lib/qemu.c:guestfs_int_qemu_supports_device int
guestfs_int_qemu_supports_device (guestfs_h *g,
const struct qemu_data *data,
const char *device_name)Test if device is supported by qemu (currently just greps the qemu -device ? output).
lib/qemu.c:guestfs_int_qemu_escape_param char *
guestfs_int_qemu_escape_param (guestfs_h *g, const char *param)Escape a qemu parameter.
Every , becomes ,,. The caller must free the returned string.
XXX This functionality is now only used when constructing a qemu-img command in lib/create.c. We should extend the qemuopts library to cover this use case.
lib/qemu.c:guestfs_int_drive_source_qemu_param char *
guestfs_int_drive_source_qemu_param (guestfs_h *g,
const struct drive_source *src)Useful function to format a drive + protocol for qemu.
Note that the qemu parameter is the bit after "file=". It is not escaped here, but would usually be escaped if passed to qemu as part of a full -drive parameter (but not for qemu-img(1)).
lib/qemu.c:guestfs_int_discard_possible bool
guestfs_int_discard_possible (guestfs_h *g, struct drive *drv,
const struct version *qemu_version)Test if discard is both supported by qemu AND possible with the underlying file or device. This returns 1 if discard is possible. It returns 0 if not possible and sets the error to the reason why.
This function is called when the user set discard == "enable".
lib/qemu.c:guestfs_int_free_qemu_data void
guestfs_int_free_qemu_data (struct qemu_data *data)Free the struct qemu_data.
Support for virt-rescue(1).
An expandable NULL-terminated vector of strings (like argv).
Use the DECLARE_STRINGSBUF macro to declare the stringsbuf.
Note: Don't confuse this with stringsbuf in the daemon which is a different type with different methods.
lib/stringsbuf.c:guestfs_int_add_string_nodup void
guestfs_int_add_string_nodup (guestfs_h *g, struct stringsbuf *sb, char *str)Add a string to the end of the list.
This doesn't call strdup(3) on the string, so the string itself is stored inside the vector.
lib/stringsbuf.c:guestfs_int_add_string void
guestfs_int_add_string (guestfs_h *g, struct stringsbuf *sb, const char *str)Add a string to the end of the list.
This makes a copy of the string.
lib/stringsbuf.c:guestfs_int_add_sprintf void
guestfs_int_add_sprintf (guestfs_h *g, struct stringsbuf *sb,
const char *fs, ...)Add a string to the end of the list.
Uses an sprintf-like format string when creating the string.
lib/stringsbuf.c:guestfs_int_end_stringsbuf void
guestfs_int_end_stringsbuf (guestfs_h *g, struct stringsbuf *sb)Finish the string buffer.
This adds the terminating NULL to the end of the vector.
lib/stringsbuf.c:guestfs_int_free_stringsbuf void
guestfs_int_free_stringsbuf (struct stringsbuf *sb)Free the string buffer and the strings.
Handle temporary directories.
lib/tmpdirs.c:set_abs_path static int
set_abs_path (guestfs_h *g, const char *ctxstr,
const char *tmpdir, char **tmpdir_ret)We need to make all tmpdir paths absolute because lots of places in the code assume this. Do it at the time we set the path or read the environment variable (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/882417).
The ctxstr parameter is a string displayed in error messages giving the context of the operation (eg. name of environment variable being used, or API function being called).
lib/tmpdirs.c:guestfs_impl_get_tmpdir char *
guestfs_impl_get_tmpdir (guestfs_h *g)Implements the guestfs_get_tmpdir API.
Note this actually calculates the tmpdir, so it never returns NULL.
lib/tmpdirs.c:guestfs_impl_get_cachedir char *
guestfs_impl_get_cachedir (guestfs_h *g)Implements the guestfs_get_cachedir API.
Note this actually calculates the cachedir, so it never returns NULL.
lib/tmpdirs.c:guestfs_impl_get_sockdir char *
guestfs_impl_get_sockdir (guestfs_h *g)Implements the guestfs_get_sockdir API.
Note this actually calculates the sockdir, so it never returns NULL.
lib/tmpdirs.c:guestfs_int_lazy_make_tmpdir int
guestfs_int_lazy_make_tmpdir (guestfs_h *g)The g->tmpdir (per-handle temporary directory) is not created when the handle is created. Instead we create it lazily before the first time it is used, or during launch.
lib/tmpdirs.c:guestfs_int_make_temp_path char *
guestfs_int_make_temp_path (guestfs_h *g,
const char *name, const char *extension)Generate unique temporary paths for temporary files.
Returns a unique path or NULL on error.
lib/tmpdirs.c:guestfs_int_create_socketname int
guestfs_int_create_socketname (guestfs_h *g, const char *filename,
char (*sockpath)[UNIX_PATH_MAX])Create the path for a socket with the selected filename in the sockdir.
lib/tmpdirs.c:guestfs_int_make_pid_path char *
guestfs_int_make_pid_path (guestfs_h *g, const char *name)Generate unique paths for PID files.
Returns a unique path or NULL on error. On success, the pathname points under sockdir and not tmpdir; daemons that write PID files after dropping privileges may not have access to tmpdir.
lib/tmpdirs.c:guestfs_int_lazy_make_supermin_appliance_dir char *
guestfs_int_lazy_make_supermin_appliance_dir (guestfs_h *g)Create the supermin appliance directory under cachedir, if it does not exist.
Sanity-check that the permissions on the cachedir are safe, in case it has been pre-created maliciously or tampered with.
Returns the directory name which the caller must free.
lib/tmpdirs.c:guestfs_int_recursive_remove_dir void
guestfs_int_recursive_remove_dir (guestfs_h *g, const char *dir)Recursively remove a temporary directory. If removal fails, just return (it's a temporary directory so it'll eventually be cleaned up by a temp cleaner).
This is implemented using rm -rf because that's simpler and safer.
Return current umask in a thread-safe way.
glibc documents, but does not actually implement, a "getumask(3)" call.
We use Umask from /proc/self/status for Linux ≥ 4.7. For older Linux and other Unix, this file implements an expensive but thread-safe way to get the current process's umask.
Thanks to: Josh Stone, Jiri Jaburek, Eric Blake.
lib/umask.c:guestfs_int_getumask int
guestfs_int_getumask (guestfs_h *g)Returns the current process's umask. On failure, returns -1 and sets the error in the guestfs handle.
lib/umask.c:get_umask_from_proc static int
get_umask_from_proc (guestfs_h *g)For Linux ≥ 4.7 get the umask from /proc/self/status.
On failure this returns -1. However if we could not open the /proc file or find the Umask entry in it, return -2 which causes the fallback path to run.
lib/umask.c:get_umask_from_fork static int
get_umask_from_fork (guestfs_h *g)Fallback method of getting the umask using fork.
Unit tests of internal functions.
These tests may use a libguestfs handle, but must not launch the handle. Also, avoid long-running tests.
lib/unit-tests.c:test_split static void
test_split (void)Test guestfs_int_split_string.
lib/unit-tests.c:test_concat static void
test_concat (void)Test guestfs_int_concat_strings.
lib/unit-tests.c:test_join static void
test_join (void)Test guestfs_int_join_strings.
lib/unit-tests.c:test_validate_guid static void
test_validate_guid (void)Test guestfs_int_validate_guid.
lib/unit-tests.c:test_drive_name static void
test_drive_name (void)Test guestfs_int_drive_name.
lib/unit-tests.c:test_drive_index static void
test_drive_index (void)Test guestfs_int_drive_index.
lib/unit-tests.c:test_getumask static void
test_getumask (void)Test guestfs_int_getumask.
lib/unit-tests.c:test_command static void
test_command (void)Test guestfs_int_new_command etc.
XXX These tests could be made much more thorough. So far we simply test that it's not obviously broken.
lib/unit-tests.c:test_qemu_escape_param static void
test_qemu_escape_param (void)Test guestfs_int_qemu_escape_param
XXX I wanted to make this test run qemu, passing some parameters which need to be escaped, but I cannot think of a way to do that without launching a VM.
lib/unit-tests.c:test_timeval_diff static void
test_timeval_diff (void)Test guestfs_int_timeval_diff.
This file provides simple version number management.
lib/version.c:guestfs_int_version_from_x_y int
guestfs_int_version_from_x_y (guestfs_h *g, struct version *v, const char *str)Parses a version from a string, looking for a X.Y pattern.
Returns -1 on failure (like failed integer parsing), 0 on missing match, and 1 on match and successful parsing. v is changed only on successful match.
lib/version.c:guestfs_int_version_from_x_y_re int
guestfs_int_version_from_x_y_re (guestfs_h *g, struct version *v,
const char *str, const pcre2_code *re)Parses a version from a string, using the specified re as regular expression which must provide (at least) two matches.
Returns -1 on failure (like failed integer parsing), 0 on missing match, and 1 on match and successful parsing. v is changed only on successful match.
lib/version.c:guestfs_int_version_from_x_y_or_x int
guestfs_int_version_from_x_y_or_x (guestfs_h *g, struct version *v,
const char *str)Parses a version from a string, either looking for a X.Y pattern or considering it as whole integer.
Returns -1 on failure (like failed integer parsing), 0 on missing match, and 1 on match and successful parsing. v is changed only on successful match.
lib/version.c:guestfs_int_parse_unsigned_int int
guestfs_int_parse_unsigned_int (guestfs_h *g, const char *str)Parse small, unsigned ints, as used in version numbers.
This will fail with an error if trailing characters are found after the integer.
Returns ≥ 0 on success, or -1 on failure.
lib/wait.c:guestfs_int_waitpid int
guestfs_int_waitpid (guestfs_h *g, pid_t pid, int *status, const char *errmsg)A safe version of waitpid(3) which retries if EINTR is returned.
Note: this only needs to be used in the library, or in programs that install a non-restartable SIGCHLD handler (which is not the case for any current libguestfs virt tools).
If the main program installs a SIGCHLD handler and sets it to be non-restartable, then what can happen is the library is waiting in a wait syscall, the child exits, SIGCHLD is sent to the process, and the wait syscall returns EINTR. Since the library cannot control the signal handler, we have to instead restart the wait syscall, which is the purpose of this wrapper.
lib/wait.c:guestfs_int_waitpid_noerror void
guestfs_int_waitpid_noerror (pid_t pid)Like guestfs_int_waitpid, but ignore errors.
lib/wait.c:guestfs_int_wait4 int
guestfs_int_wait4 (guestfs_h *g, pid_t pid, int *status,
struct rusage *rusage, const char *errmsg)A safe version of wait4(2) which retries if EINTR is returned.
lib/whole-file.c:guestfs_int_read_whole_file int
guestfs_int_read_whole_file (guestfs_h *g, const char *filename,
char **data_r, size_t *size_r)Read the whole file filename into a memory buffer.
The memory buffer is initialized and returned in data_r. The size of the file in bytes is returned in size_r. The return buffer must be freed by the caller.
On error this sets the error in the handle and returns -1.
For the convenience of callers, the returned buffer is NUL-terminated (the NUL is not included in the size).
The file must be a regular, local, trusted file. In particular, do not use this function to read files that might be under control of an untrusted user since that will lead to a denial-of-service attack.
This file implements common file editing in a range of utilities including guestfish(1), virt-edit(1), virt-customize(1) and virt-builder(1).
It contains the code for both interactive-(editor-)based editing and non-interactive editing using Perl snippets.
common/edit/file-edit.c:edit_file_editor int
edit_file_editor (guestfs_h *g, const char *filename, const char *editor,
const char *backup_extension, int verbose)Edit filename using the specified editor application.
If backup_extension is not null, then a copy of filename is saved with backup_extension appended to its file name.
If editor is null, then the $EDITOR environment variable will be queried for the editor application, leaving vi as fallback if not set.
Returns -1 for failure, 0 on success, 1 if the editor did not change the file (e.g. the user closed the editor without saving).
common/edit/file-edit.c:edit_file_perl int
edit_file_perl (guestfs_h *g, const char *filename, const char *perl_expr,
const char *backup_extension, int verbose)Edit filename running the specified perl_expr using Perl.
If backup_extension is not null, then a copy of filename is saved with backup_extension appended to its file name.
Returns -1 for failure, 0 on success.
This file parses the guestfish configuration file, usually ~/.libguestfs-tools.rc or /etc/libguestfs-tools.conf.
Note that parse_config is called very early, before command line parsing, before the verbose flag has been set, even before the global handle g is opened.
This file implements the decryption of disk images, usually done before mounting their partitions.
common/options/decrypt.c:make_mapname static char *
make_mapname (const char *device)Make a LUKS map name from the partition or logical volume name, eg. "/dev/vda2" => "cryptvda2", or "/dev/vg-ssd/lv-root7" => "cryptvgssdlvroot7". Note that, in logical volume device names, c_isalnum() eliminates the "/" separator from between the VG and the LV, so this mapping is not unique; but for our purposes, it will do.
common/options/decrypt.c:inspect_do_decrypt void
inspect_do_decrypt (guestfs_h *g, struct key_store *ks)Simple implementation of decryption: look for any encrypted partitions and decrypt them, then rescan for VGs.
This file contains common code used to implement --short-options and --long-options in C virt tools. (The equivalent for OCaml virt tools is implemented by common/mltools/getopt.ml).
These "hidden" options are used to implement bash tab completion.
common/options/display-options.c:display_short_options void
display_short_options (const char *format)Implements the internal tool --short-options flag, which just lists out the short options available. Used by bash completion.
common/options/display-options.c:display_long_options void
display_long_options (const struct option *long_options)Implements the internal tool --long-options flag, which just lists out the long options available. Used by bash completion.
Implements the guestfish (and other tools) -d option.
common/options/domain.c:add_libvirt_drives int
add_libvirt_drives (guestfs_h *g, const char *guest)This function is called when a user invokes guestfish -d guest.
Returns the number of drives added (> 0), or -1 for failure.
This file implements inspecting the guest and mounting the filesystems found in the right places. It is used by the guestfish(1) -i option and some utilities such as virt-cat(1).
common/options/inspect.c:inspect_mount_handle void
inspect_mount_handle (guestfs_h *g, struct key_store *ks)This function implements the -i option.
common/options/inspect.c:print_inspect_prompt void
print_inspect_prompt (void)This function is called only if inspect_mount_root was called, and only after we've printed the prompt in interactive mode.
common/options/keys.c:read_key char *
read_key (const char *param)Read a passphrase ('Key') from /dev/tty with echo off.
The caller (fish/cmds.c) will call free on the string afterwards. Based on the code in cryptsetup file lib/utils.c.
This file contains common options parsing code used by guestfish and many other tools which share a common options syntax.
For example, guestfish, virt-cat, virt-ls etc all support the -a option, and that is handled in all of those tools using a macro OPTION_a defined in fish/options.h.
There are a lot of common global variables used, drvs accumulates the list of drives, verbose for the -v flag, and many more.
common/options/options.c:option_a void
option_a (const char *arg, const char *format, int blocksize,
struct drv **drvsp)Handle the guestfish -a option on the command line.
common/options/options.c:option_d void
option_d (const char *arg, struct drv **drvsp)Handle the -d option when passed on the command line.
common/options/options.c:display_mountpoints_on_failure static void
display_mountpoints_on_failure (const char *mp_device,
const char *user_supplied_options)If the -m option fails on any command, display a useful error message listing the mountpoints.
This file implements URI parsing for the -a option, in many utilities including guestfish(1), virt-cat(1), virt-builder(1), virt-customize(1), etc.
This file is used by virt-df and some of the other tools when they are implicitly asked to operate over all libvirt domains (VMs), for example when virt-df is called without specifying any particular disk image.
It hides the complexity of querying the list of domains from libvirt.
common/parallel/domains.c:free_domains void
free_domains (void)Frees up everything allocated by get_all_libvirt_domains.
common/parallel/domains.c:get_all_libvirt_domains void
get_all_libvirt_domains (const char *libvirt_uri)Read all libguest guests into the global variables domains and nr_domains. The guests are ordered by name. This exits on any error.
common/parallel/estimate-max-threads.c:estimate_max_threads size_t
estimate_max_threads (void)This function uses the output of free -m to estimate how many libguestfs appliances could be safely started in parallel. Note that it always returns ≥ 1.
common/parallel/estimate-max-threads.c:read_line_from static char *
read_line_from (const char *cmd)Run external command and read the first line of output.
This file is used by virt-df and some of the other tools when they need to run multiple parallel libguestfs instances to operate on a large number of libvirt domains efficiently.
It implements a multithreaded work queue. In addition it reorders the output so the output still appears in the same order as the input (ie. still ordered alphabetically).
common/parallel/parallel.c:start_threads int
start_threads (size_t option_P, guestfs_h *options_handle, work_fn work)Run the threads and work through the global list of libvirt domains.
option_P is whatever the user passed in the -P option, or 0 if the user didn't use the -P option (in which case the number of threads is chosen heuristically).
options_handle (which may be NULL) is the global guestfs handle created by the options mini-library.
The work function (work) should do the work (inspecting the domain, etc.) on domain index i. However it must not print out any result directly. Instead it prints anything it needs to the supplied FILE *. The work function should return 0 on success or -1 on error.
The start_threads function returns 0 if all work items completed successfully, or -1 if there was an error.
This file implements the progress bar in guestfish(1), virt-resize(1) and virt-sparsify(1).
common/progress/progress.c:progress_bar_init struct progress_bar *
progress_bar_init (unsigned flags)Initialize a progress bar struct.
It is intended that you can reuse the same struct for multiple commands (but only in a single thread). Call progress_bar_reset before each new command.
common/progress/progress.c:progress_bar_free void
progress_bar_free (struct progress_bar *bar)Free a progress bar struct.
common/progress/progress.c:progress_bar_reset void
progress_bar_reset (struct progress_bar *bar)This function should be called just before you issue any command.
common/progress/progress.c:estimate_remaining_time static double
estimate_remaining_time (struct progress_bar *bar, double ratio)Return remaining time estimate (in seconds) for current call.
This returns the running mean estimate of remaining time, but if the latest estimate of total time is greater than two s.d.'s from the running mean then we don't print anything because we're not confident that the estimate is meaningful. (Returned value is <0.0 when nothing should be printed).
common/progress/progress.c:progress_bar_set void
progress_bar_set (struct progress_bar *bar,
uint64_t position, uint64_t total)Set the position of the progress bar.
This should be called from a GUESTFS_EVENT_PROGRESS event callback.
Unit tests of internal functions.
These tests may use a libguestfs handle, but must not launch the handle. Also, avoid long-running tests.
Mini-library for writing qemu command lines and qemu config files.
There are some shortcomings with the model used for qemu options which aren't clear until you try to convert options into a configuration file. However if we attempted to model the options in more detail then this library would be both very difficult to use and incompatible with older versions of qemu. Hopefully the current model is a decent compromise.
For reference here are the problems:
There's inconsistency in qemu between options and config file, eg. -smp 4 becomes:
[smp-opts]
cpus = "4"Similar to the previous point, you can write either -smp 4 or -smp cpus=4 (although this won't work in very old qemu). When generating a config file you need to know the implicit key name.
In -opt key=value,... the key is really a tree/array specifier. The way this works is complicated but hinted at here: http://git.qemu.org/?p=qemu.git;a=blob;f=util/keyval.c;h=93d5db6b590427e412dfb172f1c406d6dd8958c1;hb=HEAD
Some options are syntactic sugar. eg. -kernel foo is sugar for -machine kernel=foo.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:qemuopts_create struct qemuopts *
qemuopts_create (void)Create an empty list of qemu options.
The caller must eventually free the list by calling qemuopts_free.
Returns NULL on error, setting errno.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:qemuopts_free void
qemuopts_free (struct qemuopts *qopts)Free the list of qemu options.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:qemuopts_add_flag int
qemuopts_add_flag (struct qemuopts *qopts, const char *flag)Add a command line flag which has no argument. eg:
qemuopts_add_flag (qopts, "-no-user-config");Returns 0 on success. Returns -1 on error, setting errno.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:qemuopts_add_arg int
qemuopts_add_arg (struct qemuopts *qopts, const char *flag, const char *value)Add a command line flag which has a single argument. eg:
qemuopts_add_arg (qopts, "-m", "1024");Don't use this if the argument is a comma-separated list, since quoting will not be done properly. See qemuopts_add_arg_list.
Returns 0 on success. Returns -1 on error, setting errno.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:qemuopts_add_arg_format int
qemuopts_add_arg_format (struct qemuopts *qopts, const char *flag,
const char *fs, ...)Add a command line flag which has a single formatted argument. eg:
qemuopts_add_arg_format (qopts, "-m", "%d", 1024);Don't use this if the argument is a comma-separated list, since quoting will not be done properly. See qemuopts_add_arg_list.
Returns 0 on success. Returns -1 on error, setting errno.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:qemuopts_add_arg_noquote int
qemuopts_add_arg_noquote (struct qemuopts *qopts, const char *flag,
const char *value)This is like qemuopts_add_arg except that no quoting is done on the value.
For qemuopts_to_script and qemuopts_to_channel, this means that neither shell quoting nor qemu comma quoting is done on the value.
For qemuopts_to_argv this means that qemu comma quoting is not done.
qemuopts_to_config* will fail.
You should use this with great care.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:qemuopts_start_arg_list int
qemuopts_start_arg_list (struct qemuopts *qopts, const char *flag)Start an argument that takes a comma-separated list of fields.
Typical usage is like this (with error handling omitted):
qemuopts_start_arg_list (qopts, "-drive");
qemuopts_append_arg_list (qopts, "file=foo");
qemuopts_append_arg_list_format (qopts, "if=%s", "ide");
qemuopts_end_arg_list (qopts);which would construct -drive file=foo,if=ide
See also qemuopts_add_arg_list for a way to do simple cases in one call.
Returns 0 on success. Returns -1 on error, setting errno.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:qemuopts_add_arg_list int
qemuopts_add_arg_list (struct qemuopts *qopts, const char *flag,
const char *elem0, ...)Add a command line flag which has a list of arguments. eg:
qemuopts_add_arg_list (qopts, "-drive", "file=foo", "if=ide", NULL);This is turned into a comma-separated list, like: -drive file=foo,if=ide. Note that this handles qemu quoting properly, so individual elements may contain commas and this will do the right thing.
Returns 0 on success. Returns -1 on error, setting errno.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:qemuopts_set_binary int
qemuopts_set_binary (struct qemuopts *qopts, const char *binary)Set the qemu binary name.
Returns 0 on success. Returns -1 on error, setting errno.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:qemuopts_set_binary_by_arch int
qemuopts_set_binary_by_arch (struct qemuopts *qopts, const char *arch)Set the qemu binary name to qemu-system-[arch].
As a special case if arch is NULL, the binary is set to the KVM binary for the current host architecture:
qemuopts_set_binary_by_arch (qopts, NULL);Returns 0 on success. Returns -1 on error, setting errno.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:qemuopts_to_script int
qemuopts_to_script (struct qemuopts *qopts, const char *filename)Write the qemu options to a script.
qemuopts_set_binary* must be called first.
The script file will start with #!/bin/sh and will be chmod to mode 0755.
Returns 0 on success. Returns -1 on error, setting errno.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:shell_quote static void
shell_quote (const char *str, FILE *fp)Print str to fp, shell-quoting it if necessary.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:shell_and_comma_quote static void
shell_and_comma_quote (const char *str, FILE *fp)Print str to fp doing both shell and qemu comma quoting.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:qemuopts_to_channel int
qemuopts_to_channel (struct qemuopts *qopts, FILE *fp)Write the qemu options to a FILE *fp.
qemuopts_set_binary* must be called first.
Only the qemu command line is written. The caller may need to add #!/bin/sh and may need to chmod the resulting file to 0755.
Returns 0 on success. Returns -1 on error, setting errno.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:qemuopts_to_argv char **
qemuopts_to_argv (struct qemuopts *qopts)Return a NULL-terminated argument list, of the kind that can be passed directly to execv(3).
qemuopts_set_binary* must be called first. It will be returned as argv[0] in the returned list.
The list of strings and the strings themselves must be freed by the caller.
Returns NULL on error, setting errno.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:qemuopts_to_config_file int
qemuopts_to_config_file (struct qemuopts *qopts, const char *filename)Write the qemu options to a qemu config file, suitable for reading in using qemu -readconfig filename.
Note that qemu config files have limitations on content and quoting, so not all qemuopts structs can be written (this function returns an error in these cases). For more information see https://habkost.net/posts/2016/12/qemu-apis-qemuopts.html https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1686364
Also, command line argument names and config file sections sometimes have different names. For example the equivalent of -m 1024 is:
[memory]
size = "1024"This code does not attempt to convert between the two forms. You just need to know how to do that yourself.
Returns 0 on success. Returns -1 on error, setting errno.
common/qemuopts/qemuopts.c:qemuopts_to_config_channel int
qemuopts_to_config_channel (struct qemuopts *qopts, FILE *fp)Same as qemuopts_to_config_file, but this writes to a FILE *fp.
Libguestfs uses CLEANUP_* macros to simplify temporary allocations. They are implemented using the __attribute__((cleanup)) feature of gcc and clang. Typical usage is:
fn ()
{
CLEANUP_FREE char *str = NULL;
str = safe_asprintf (g, "foo");
// str is freed automatically when the function returns
}There are a few catches to be aware of with the cleanup mechanism:
If a cleanup variable is not initialized, then you can end up calling free(3) with an undefined value, resulting in the program crashing. For this reason, you should usually initialize every cleanup variable with something, eg. NULL
Don't mark variables holding return values as cleanup variables.
The main() function shouldn't use cleanup variables since it is normally exited by calling exit(3), and that doesn't call the cleanup handlers.
The functions in this file are used internally by the CLEANUP_* macros. Don't call them directly.
Libguestfs uses CLEANUP_* macros to simplify temporary allocations. They are implemented using the __attribute__((cleanup)) feature of gcc and clang. Typical usage is:
fn ()
{
CLEANUP_FREE char *str = NULL;
str = safe_asprintf (g, "foo");
// str is freed automatically when the function returns
}There are a few catches to be aware of with the cleanup mechanism:
If a cleanup variable is not initialized, then you can end up calling free(3) with an undefined value, resulting in the program crashing. For this reason, you should usually initialize every cleanup variable with something, eg. NULL
Don't mark variables holding return values as cleanup variables.
The main() function shouldn't use cleanup variables since it is normally exited by calling exit(3), and that doesn't call the cleanup handlers.
The functions in this file are used internally by the CLEANUP_* macros. Don't call them directly.
This header file is included in all "frontend" parts of libguestfs, namely the library, non-C language bindings, virt tools and tests.
The daemon does not use this header. If you need a place to put something shared with absolutely everything including the daemon, put it in lib/guestfs-internal-all.h
If a definition is only needed by a single component of libguestfs (eg. just the library, or just a single virt tool) then it should not be here!
These macros make it easier to write XML. To use them correctly you must be aware of these assumptions:
The xmlTextWriterPtr is called xo. It is used implicitly by all the macros.
On failure, a function called xml_error is called which you must define (usually as a macro). You must use CLEANUP_* macros in your functions if you want correct cleanup of local variables along the error path.
All the "bad" casting is hidden inside the macros.
common/utils/libxml2-writer-macros.h:start_element #define start_elementTo define an XML element use:
start_element ("name") {
...
} end_element ();which produces <name>...</name>
common/utils/libxml2-writer-macros.h:empty_element #define empty_elementTo define an empty element:
empty_element ("name");which produces <name/>
common/utils/libxml2-writer-macros.h:single_element #define single_elementTo define a single element with no attributes containing some text:
single_element ("name", text);which produces <name>text</name>
common/utils/libxml2-writer-macros.h:single_element_format #define single_element_formatTo define a single element with no attributes containing some text using a format string:
single_element_format ("cores", "%d", nr_cores);which produces <cores>4</cores>
common/utils/libxml2-writer-macros.h:attribute #define attributeTo define an XML element with attributes, use:
start_element ("name") {
attribute ("foo", "bar");
attribute_format ("count", "%d", count);
...
} end_element ();which produces <name foo="bar" count="123">...</name>
common/utils/libxml2-writer-macros.h:attribute_ns #define attribute_nsattribute_ns (prefix, key, namespace_uri, value) defines a namespaced attribute.
common/utils/libxml2-writer-macros.h:string #define stringTo define a verbatim string, use:
string ("hello");common/utils/libxml2-writer-macros.h:string_format #define string_formatTo define a verbatim string using a format string, use:
string ("%s, world", greeting);common/utils/libxml2-writer-macros.h:base64 #define base64To write a string encoded as base64:
base64 (data, size);common/utils/libxml2-writer-macros.h:comment #define commentTo define a comment in the XML, use:
comment ("number of items = %d", nr_items);Utility functions used by the library, tools and language bindings.
These functions must not call internal library functions such as safe_*, error or perrorf, or any guestfs_int_*.
common/utils/stringlists-utils.c:guestfs_int_split_string char **
guestfs_int_split_string (char sep, const char *str)Split string at separator character sep, returning the list of strings. Returns NULL on memory allocation failure.
Note (assuming sep is :):
str == NULLaborts
str == ""returns []
str == "abc"returns ["abc"]
str == ":"returns ["", ""]
Utility functions used by the library, tools and language bindings.
These functions must not call internal library functions such as safe_*, error or perrorf, or any guestfs_int_*.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_replace_string char *
guestfs_int_replace_string (const char *str, const char *s1, const char *s2)Replace every instance of s1 appearing in str with s2. A newly allocated string is returned which must be freed by the caller. If allocation fails this can return NULL.
For example:
replace_string ("abcabb", "ab", "a");would return "acab".
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_exit_status_to_string char *
guestfs_int_exit_status_to_string (int status, const char *cmd_name,
char *buffer, size_t buflen)Translate a wait/system exit status into a printable string.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_random_string int
guestfs_int_random_string (char *ret, size_t len)Return a random string of characters.
Notes:
The ret buffer must have length len+1 in order to store the final \0 character.
There is about 5 bits of randomness per output character (so about 5*len bits of randomness in the resulting string).
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_drive_name char *
guestfs_int_drive_name (size_t index, char *ret)This turns a drive index (eg. 27) into a drive name (eg. "ab").
Drive indexes count from 0. The return buffer has to be large enough for the resulting string, and the returned pointer points to the *end* of the string.
https://rwmj.wordpress.com/2011/01/09/how-are-linux-drives-named-beyond-drive-26-devsdz/
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_drive_index ssize_t
guestfs_int_drive_index (const char *name)The opposite of guestfs_int_drive_name. Take a string like "ab" and return the index (eg 27).
Note that you must remove any prefix such as "hd", "sd" etc, or any partition number before calling the function.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_is_true int
guestfs_int_is_true (const char *str)Similar to Tcl_GetBoolean.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_string_is_valid bool
guestfs_int_string_is_valid (const char *str,
size_t min_length, size_t max_length,
int flags, const char *extra)Check a string for validity, that it contains only certain characters, and minimum and maximum length. This function is usually wrapped in a VALID_* macro, see lib/drives.c for an example.
str is the string to check.
min_length and max_length are the minimum and maximum length checks. 0 means no check.
The flags control:
VALID_FLAG_ALPHA7-bit ASCII-only alphabetic characters are permitted.
VALID_FLAG_DIGIT7-bit ASCII-only digits are permitted.
extra is a set of extra characters permitted, in addition to alphabetic and/or digits. (extra = NULL for no extra).
Returns boolean true if the string is valid (passes all the tests), or false if not.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_fadvise_normal void
guestfs_int_fadvise_normal (int fd)Hint that we will read or write the file descriptor normally.
On Linux, this clears the FMODE_RANDOM flag on the file [see below] and sets the per-file number of readahead pages to equal the block device readahead setting.
It's OK to call this on a non-file since we ignore failure as it is only a hint.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_fadvise_sequential void
guestfs_int_fadvise_sequential (int fd)Hint that we will read or write the file descriptor sequentially.
On Linux, this clears the FMODE_RANDOM flag on the file [see below] and sets the per-file number of readahead pages to twice the block device readahead setting.
It's OK to call this on a non-file since we ignore failure as it is only a hint.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_fadvise_random void
guestfs_int_fadvise_random (int fd)Hint that we will read or write the file descriptor randomly.
On Linux, this sets the FMODE_RANDOM flag on the file. The effect of this flag is to:
Disable normal sequential file readahead.
If any read of the file is done which misses in the page cache, 2MB are read into the page cache. [I think - I'm not sure I totally understand what this is doing]
It's OK to call this on a non-file since we ignore failure as it is only a hint.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_fadvise_noreuse void
guestfs_int_fadvise_noreuse (int fd)Hint that we will access the data only once.
On Linux, this does nothing.
It's OK to call this on a non-file since we ignore failure as it is only a hint.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_fadvise_dontneed void
guestfs_int_fadvise_dontneed (int fd)Hint that we will not access the data in the near future.
On Linux, this immediately writes out any dirty pages in the page cache and then invalidates (drops) all pages associated with this file from the page cache. Apparently it does this even if the file is opened or being used by other processes. This setting is not persistent; if you subsequently read the file it will be cached in the page cache as normal.
It's OK to call this on a non-file since we ignore failure as it is only a hint.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_fadvise_willneed void
guestfs_int_fadvise_willneed (int fd)Hint that we will access the data in the near future.
On Linux, this immediately reads the whole file into the page cache. This setting is not persistent; subsequently pages may be dropped from the page cache as normal.
It's OK to call this on a non-file since we ignore failure as it is only a hint.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_shell_unquote char *
guestfs_int_shell_unquote (const char *str)Unquote a shell-quoted string.
Augeas passes strings to us which may be quoted, eg. if they come from files in /etc/sysconfig. This function can do simple unquoting of these strings.
Note this function does not do variable substitution, since that is impossible without knowing the file context and indeed the environment under which the shell script is run. Configuration files should not use complex quoting.
str is the input string from Augeas, a string that may be single- or double-quoted or may not be quoted. The returned string is unquoted, and must be freed by the caller. NULL is returned on error and errno is set accordingly.
For information on double-quoting in bash, see https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Double-Quotes.html
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_is_reg int
guestfs_int_is_reg (int64_t mode)Return true if the guestfs_statns or guestfs_lstatns st_mode field represents a regular file.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_is_dir int
guestfs_int_is_dir (int64_t mode)Return true if the guestfs_statns or guestfs_lstatns st_mode field represents a directory.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_is_chr int
guestfs_int_is_chr (int64_t mode)Return true if the guestfs_statns or guestfs_lstatns st_mode field represents a char device.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_is_blk int
guestfs_int_is_blk (int64_t mode)Return true if the guestfs_statns or guestfs_lstatns st_mode field represents a block device.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_is_fifo int
guestfs_int_is_fifo (int64_t mode)Return true if the guestfs_statns or guestfs_lstatns st_mode field represents a named pipe (FIFO).
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_is_lnk int
guestfs_int_is_lnk (int64_t mode)Return true if the guestfs_statns or guestfs_lstatns st_mode field represents a symbolic link.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_is_sock int
guestfs_int_is_sock (int64_t mode)Return true if the guestfs_statns or guestfs_lstatns st_mode field represents a Unix domain socket.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_full_path char *
guestfs_int_full_path (const char *dir, const char *name)Concatenate dir and name to create a path. This correctly handles the case of concatenating "/" + "filename" as well as "/dir" + "filename". name may be NULL.
The caller must free the returned path.
This function sets errno and returns NULL on error.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_hexdump void
guestfs_int_hexdump (const void *data, size_t len, FILE *fp)Hexdump a block of memory to FILE *, used for debugging.
common/utils/utils.c:guestfs_int_strerror const char *
guestfs_int_strerror (int errnum, char *buf, size_t buflen)Thread-safe strerror_r.
This is a wrapper around the two variants of strerror_r(3) in glibc since it is hard to use correctly (RHBZ#2030396).
The buffer passed in should be large enough to store the error message (256 chars at least) and should be non-static. Note that the buffer might not be used, use the return value.
This file contains a recursive function for visiting all files and directories in a guestfs filesystem.
Adapted from https://rwmj.wordpress.com/2010/12/15/tip-audit-virtual-machine-for-setuid-files/
common/visit/visit.c:visit int
visit (guestfs_h *g, const char *dir, visitor_function f, void *opaque)Visit every file and directory in a guestfs filesystem, starting at dir.
dir may be "/" to visit the entire filesystem, or may be some subdirectory. Symbolic links are not followed.
The visitor function f is called once for every directory and every file. The parameters passed to f include the current directory name, the current file name (or NULL when we're visiting a directory), the guestfs_statns (file permissions etc), and the list of extended attributes of the file. The visitor function may return -1 which causes the whole recursion to stop with an error.
Also passed to this function is an opaque pointer which is passed through to the visitor function.
Returns 0 if everything went OK, or -1 if there was an error. Error handling is not particularly well defined. It will either set an error in the libguestfs handle or print an error on stderr, but there is no way for the caller to tell the difference.
This file implements win: Windows file path support in guestfish(1).
common/windows/windows.c:is_windows int
is_windows (guestfs_h *g, const char *root)Checks whether root is a Windows installation.
This relies on an already being done introspection.
common/windows/windows.c:windows_path char *
windows_path (guestfs_h *g, const char *root, const char *path, int readonly)Resolves path as possible Windows path according to root, giving a new path that can be used in libguestfs API calls.
Notes:
root must be a Windows installation
relies on an already being done introspection
will unmount all the existing mount points and mount the Windows root (according to readonly)
calls exit(3) on memory allocation failures
This file contains a number of useful functions for running external commands and capturing their output.
daemon/command.c:commandf int
commandf (char **stdoutput, char **stderror, unsigned flags,
const char *name, ...)Run a command. Optionally capture stdout and stderr as strings.
Returns 0 if the command ran successfully, or -1 if there was any error.
For a description of the flags see commandrvf.
There is also a macro command(out,err,name,...) which calls commandf with flags=0.
daemon/command.c:commandrf int
commandrf (char **stdoutput, char **stderror, unsigned flags,
const char *name, ...)Same as command, but we allow the status code from the subcommand to be non-zero, and return that status code.
We still return -1 if there was some other error.
There is also a macro commandr(out,err,name,...) which calls commandrf with flags=0.
daemon/command.c:commandvf int
commandvf (char **stdoutput, char **stderror, unsigned flags,
char const *const *argv)Same as command, but passing in an argv array.
There is also a macro commandv(out,err,argv) which calls commandvf with flags=0.
daemon/command.c:commandrvf int
commandrvf (char **stdoutput, char **stderror, unsigned flags,
char const* const *argv)This is a more sane version of system(3) for running external commands. It uses fork/execvp, so we don't need to worry about quoting of parameters, and it allows us to capture any error messages in a buffer.
If stdoutput is not NULL, then *stdoutput will return the stdout of the command as a string.
If stderror is not NULL, then *stderror will return the stderr of the command. If there is a final \n character, it is removed so you can use the error string directly in a call to reply_with_error.
Flags are:
COMMAND_FLAG_FOLD_STDOUT_ON_STDERRFor broken external commands that send error messages to stdout (hello, parted) but that don't have any useful stdout information, use this flag to capture the error messages in the *stderror buffer. If using this flag, you should pass stdoutput=NULL because nothing could ever be captured in that buffer.
COMMAND_FLAG_CHROOT_COPY_FILE_TO_STDINFor running external commands on chrooted files correctly (see https://bugzilla.redhat.com/579608) specifying this flag causes another process to be forked which chroots into sysroot and just copies the input file to stdin of the specified command. The file descriptor is ORed with the flags, and that file descriptor is always closed by this function. See daemon/hexdump.c for an example of usage.
There is also a macro commandrv(out,err,argv) which calls commandrvf with flags=0.
daemon/device-name-translation.c:device_name_translation_init void
device_name_translation_init (void)Cache daemon disk mapping.
When the daemon starts up, populate a cache with the contents of /dev/disk/by-path. It's easiest to use ls -lv here since the names are sorted awkwardly.
daemon/device-name-translation.c:device_name_translation char *
device_name_translation (const char *device)Perform device name translation.
Libguestfs defines a few standard formats for device names. (see also "BLOCK DEVICE NAMING" in guestfs(3) and "guestfs_canonical_device_name" in guestfs(3)). They are:
These mean the Nth partition on the Xth device. Because Linux no longer enumerates devices in the order they are passed to qemu, we must translate these by looking up the actual device using /dev/disk/by-path/
These are not translated here.
It returns a newly allocated string which the caller must free.
It returns NULL on error. Note it does not call reply_with_*.
We have to open the device and test for ENXIO, because the device nodes may exist in the appliance.
This is the guestfs daemon which runs inside the guestfs appliance. This file handles start up and connecting back to the library.
daemon/guestfsd.c:shell_quote void
shell_quote (const char *str, FILE *fp)Write str to the file fp, ensuring it is shell quoted.
daemon/guestfsd.c:sysroot_shell_quote void
sysroot_shell_quote (const char *path, FILE *fp)Write sysroot + path to the file fp, ensuring it is shell quoted. The path must be an absolute path.
Internal functions that are not part of the public API.
Bindings for utility functions.
Note that functions called from OCaml code must never call any of the reply* functions.
Miscellaneous utility functions used by the daemon.
daemon/utils.c:is_root_device_stat static int
is_root_device_stat (struct stat *statbuf)Return true iff device is the root device (and therefore should be ignored from the point of view of user calls).
daemon/utils.c:is_device_parameter int
is_device_parameter (const char *device)Parameters marked as Device, Dev_or_Path, etc can be passed a block device name. This function tests if the parameter is a block device name.
It can also be used in daemon code to test if the string passed as a Dev_or_Path parameter is a device or path.
daemon/utils.c:sysroot_path char *
sysroot_path (const char *path)Turn "/path" into "/sysroot/path".
Returns NULL on failure. The caller must check for this and call reply_with_perror ("malloc"). The caller must also free the returned string.
See also the custom %R printf formatter which does shell quoting too.
daemon/utils.c:sysroot_realpath char *
sysroot_realpath (const char *path)Resolve path within sysroot, calling sysroot_path on the resolved path.
Returns NULL on failure. The caller must check for this and call reply_with_perror ("malloc"). The caller must also free the returned string.
See also the custom %R printf formatter which does shell quoting too.
daemon/utils.c:is_power_of_2 int
is_power_of_2 (unsigned long v)Returns true if v is a power of 2.
Uses the algorithm described at http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#DetermineIfPowerOf2
daemon/utils.c:split_lines_sb struct stringsbuf
split_lines_sb (char *str)Split an output string into a NULL-terminated list of lines, wrapped into a stringsbuf.
Typically this is used where we have run an external command which has printed out a list of things, and we want to return an actual list.
The corner cases here are quite tricky. Note in particular:
""returns []
"\n"returns [""]
"a\nb"returns ["a"; "b"]
"a\nb\n"returns ["a"; "b"]
"a\nb\n\n"returns ["a"; "b"; ""]
The original string is written over and destroyed by this function (which is usually OK because it's the 'out' string from command*()). You can free the original string, because add_string() strdups the strings.
argv in the struct stringsbuf will be NULL in case of errors.
daemon/utils.c:filter_list char **
filter_list (bool (*p) (const char *str), char **strs)Filter a list of strings. Returns a newly allocated list of only the strings where p (str) == true.
Note it does not copy the strings, be careful not to double-free them.
daemon/utils.c:trim void
trim (char *str)Skip leading and trailing whitespace, updating the original string in-place.
daemon/utils.c:parse_btrfsvol int
parse_btrfsvol (const char *desc_orig, mountable_t *mountable)Parse the mountable descriptor for a btrfs subvolume. Don't call this directly; it is only used from the stubs.
A btrfs subvolume is given as:
btrfsvol:/dev/sda3/rootwhere /dev/sda3 is a block device containing a btrfs filesystem, and root is the name of a subvolume on it. This function is passed the string following "btrfsvol:".
On success, mountable->device and mountable->volume must be freed by the caller.
daemon/utils.c:mountable_to_string char *
mountable_to_string (const mountable_t *mountable)Convert a mountable_t back to its string representation
This function can be used in an error path, so must not call reply_with_error.
daemon/utils.c:prog_exists int
prog_exists (const char *prog)Check program exists and is executable on $PATH.
daemon/utils.c:random_name int
random_name (char *template)Pass a template such as "/sysroot/XXXXXXXX.XXX". This updates the template to contain a randomly named file. Any 'X' characters after the final '/' in the template are replaced with random characters.
Notes: You should probably use an 8.3 path, so it's compatible with all filesystems including basic FAT. Also this only substitutes lowercase ASCII letters and numbers, again for compatibility with lowest common denominator filesystems.
This doesn't create a file or check whether or not the file exists (it would be extremely unlikely to exist as long as the RNG is working).
If there is an error, -1 is returned.
daemon/utils.c:udev_settle_file void
udev_settle_file (const char *file)LVM and other commands aren't synchronous, especially when udev is involved. eg. You can create or remove some device, but the /dev device node won't appear until some time later. This means that you get an error if you run one command followed by another.
Use udevadm settle after certain commands, but don't be too fussed if it fails.
daemon/utils.c:make_exclude_from_file char *
make_exclude_from_file (const char *function, char *const *excludes)Turn list excludes into a temporary file, and return a string containing the temporary file name. Caller must unlink the file and free the string.
function is the function that invoked this helper, and it is used mainly for errors/debugging.
daemon/utils.c:read_whole_file char *
read_whole_file (const char *filename, size_t *size_r)Read whole file into dynamically allocated array. If there is an error, DON'T call reply_with_perror, just return NULL. Returns a \0-terminated string. size_r can be specified to get the size of the returned data.
daemon/xattr.c:split_attr_names static char **
split_attr_names (char *buf, size_t len)listxattr(2) returns the string "foo\0bar\0baz" of length len. (The last string in the list is \0-terminated but the \0 is not included in len).
This function splits it into a regular list of strings.
Note that the returned list contains pointers to the original strings in buf so be careful that you do not double-free them.
This file implements the guestfish alloc and sparse commands.
fish/alloc.c:alloc_disk int
alloc_disk (const char *filename, const char *size_str, int add, int sparse)This is the underlying allocation function. It's called from a few other places in guestfish.
This file implements the guestfish commands copy-in and copy-out.
The file handles tab-completion of filesystem paths in guestfish.
The file implements the guestfish display command, for displaying graphical files (icons, images) in disk images.
The file implements the guestfish echo command.
guestfish edit command, suggested by Ján Ondrej.
This file implements the guestfish event-related commands, event, delete-event and list-events.
guestfish, the guest filesystem shell. This file contains the main loop and utilities.
fish/fish.c:parse_command_line static struct parsed_command
parse_command_line (char *buf, int *exit_on_error_rtn)Parse a command string, splitting at whitespace, handling '!', '#' etc. This destructively updates buf.
exit_on_error_rtn is used to pass in the global exit_on_error setting and to return the local setting (eg. if the command begins with '-').
Returns in parsed_command.status:
1got a guestfish command (returned in cmd_rtn/argv_rtn/pipe_rtn)
0no guestfish command, but otherwise OK
-1an error
fish/fish.c:parse_quoted_string static ssize_t
parse_quoted_string (char *p)Parse double-quoted strings, replacing backslash escape sequences with the true character. Since the string is returned in place, the escapes must make the string shorter.
fish/fish.c:execute_and_inline static int
execute_and_inline (const char *cmd, int global_exit_on_error)Used to handle <! (execute command and inline result).
fish/fish.c:issue_command int
issue_command (const char *cmd, char *argv[], const char *pipecmd,
int rc_exit_on_error_flag)Run a command.
rc_exit_on_error_flag is the exit_on_error flag that we pass to the remote server (when issuing --remote commands). It does not cause issue_command itself to exit on error.
fish/fish.c:extended_help_message void
extended_help_message (void)Print an extended help message when the user types in an unknown command for the first command issued. A common case is the user doing:
guestfish disk.imgexpecting guestfish to open disk.img (in fact, this tried to run a non-existent command disk.img).
fish/fish.c:error_cb static void
error_cb (guestfs_h *g, void *data, const char *msg)Error callback. This replaces the standard libguestfs error handler.
fish/fish.c:free_n_strings static void
free_n_strings (char **str, size_t len)Free strings from a non-NULL terminated char**.
fish/fish.c:decode_ps1 static char *
decode_ps1 (const char *str)Decode str into the final printable prompt string.
fish/fish.c:win_prefix char *
win_prefix (const char *path)Resolve the special win:... form for Windows-specific paths. The generated code calls this for all device or path arguments.
The function returns a newly allocated string, and the caller must free this string; else display an error and return NULL.
fish/fish.c:file_in char *
file_in (const char *arg)Resolve the special FileIn paths (- or -<<END or filename).
The caller (fish/cmds.c) will call free_file_in after the command has run which should clean up resources.
fish/fish.c:file_out char *
file_out (const char *arg)Resolve the special FileOut paths (- or filename).
The caller (fish/cmds.c) will call free (str) after the command has run.
fish/fish.c:progress_callback void
progress_callback (guestfs_h *g, void *data,
uint64_t event, int event_handle, int flags,
const char *buf, size_t buf_len,
const uint64_t *array, size_t array_len)Callback which displays a progress bar.
This file implements the guestfish glob command.
fish/glob.c:expand_devicename static char **
expand_devicename (guestfs_h *g, const char *device)Glob-expand device patterns, such as /dev/sd* (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/635971).
There is no guestfs_glob_expand_device function because the equivalent can be implemented using functions like guestfs_list_devices.
It's not immediately clear what it means to expand a pattern like /dev/sd*. Should that include device name translation? Should the result include partitions as well as devices?
Should "/dev/" + "*" return every possible device and filesystem? How about VGs? LVs?
To solve this what we do is build up a list of every device, partition, etc., then glob against that list.
Notes for future work (XXX):
This doesn't handle device name translation. It wouldn't be too hard to add.
Could have an API function for returning all device-like things.
fish/glob.c:add_strings_matching static int
add_strings_matching (char **pp, const char *glob,
char ***ret, size_t *size_r)Using POSIX fnmatch(3), find strings in the list pp which match pattern glob. Add strings which match to the ret array. *size_r is the current size of the ret array, which is updated with the new size.
fish/glob.c:single_element_list static char **
single_element_list (const char *element)Return a single element list containing element.
The file implements the guestfish help command.
fish/help.c:display_help int
display_help (const char *cmd, size_t argc, char *argv[])The help command.
This used to just list all commands, but that's not very useful. Instead display some useful context-sensitive help. This could be improved if we knew how many drives had been added already, and whether anything was mounted.
This file implements the guestfish hexedit command.
fish/lcd.c:run_lcd int
run_lcd (const char *cmd, size_t argc, char *argv[])guestfish lcd command (similar to the lcd command in BSD ftp).
fish/man.c:run_man int
run_man (const char *cmd, size_t argc, char *argv[])guestfish man command
This file implements the guestfish more command.
This file implements the guestfish -N option for creating pre-prepared disk layouts.
This file implements guestfish remote (command) support.
fish/rc.c:rc_listen void
rc_listen (void)The remote control server (ie. guestfish --listen).
fish/rc.c:rc_remote int
rc_remote (int pid, const char *cmd, size_t argc, char *argv[],
int exit_on_error)The remote control client (ie. guestfish --remote).
This file implements the guestfish reopen command.
This file implements the guestfish setenv and unsetenv commands.
This file implements the guestfish supported command.
This file implements tilde (~) expansion of home directories in guestfish(1).
fish/tilde.c:try_tilde_expansion char *
try_tilde_expansion (char *str)This is called from the script loop if we find a candidate for ~username (tilde-expansion).
fish/tilde.c:expand_home static char *
expand_home (char *orig, const char *append)Return $HOME + append string.
fish/tilde.c:find_home_for_username static const char *
find_home_for_username (const char *username, size_t ulen)Lookup username (of length ulen), return home directory if found, or NULL if not found.
This file implements the guestfish time command.
This file contains a small number of functions that are written by hand. The majority of the bindings are generated (see python/actions-*.c).
guestfs(3), guestfs-building(1), guestfs-examples(3), guestfs-internals(1), guestfs-performance(1), guestfs-release-notes(1), guestfs-testing(1), libguestfs-test-tool(1), libguestfs-make-fixed-appliance(1), http://libguestfs.org/.
Richard W.M. Jones (rjones at redhat dot com)
Copyright (C) 2009-2025 Red Hat Inc.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
To get a list of bugs against libguestfs, use this link: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/buglist.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools
To report a new bug against libguestfs, use this link: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools
When reporting a bug, please supply:
The version of libguestfs.
Where you got libguestfs (eg. which Linux distro, compiled from source, etc)
Describe the bug accurately and give a way to reproduce it.
Run libguestfs-test-tool(1) and paste the complete, unedited output into the bug report.